1855.] 



WATER-WORKS IN THE UNITED STATES. 



25t 



eljtra yellow, on which are five longitudinal black lines, viz., 

 one from the inside of each shoulder, abbreviated near the apes, 

 another on the outside, joins at the apes to the fifth line, which 

 covers the suture — margin yellow ; femoraa glossy red ; tibia3 

 and tarsi black. Toronto, not common. Length Sj lines. 

 LABIDOMERA 

 TRIMACULATA. — jMels. Cat. (Doryphora) Say, I. Acad. 3, 454. 

 Antennas, head, thorax, scutellum, body beneath, and legs 

 blue ; elytra finely punctured, orange, on which are 3 large black 

 spots of the following forms : the first, on the shoulder, is broad 

 and longitudinal ; the second is transverse on the suture — its 

 centre almost connects with the scutellum, and spreads into 

 four obtuse branches : the two anterior point towards 

 and slightly connect with the shoulder spots : the posterior 

 branches are rather shorter ; the third spot is near the apes, 

 of a triangular form; margin of elytra, orange. Length 4 J 

 lines. Toronto and Coldwater, on the milk plant (^A&cleinas 

 S^riaca). July. 



CALLIGRAPHA 

 SCALARIS. — Mels. Cat. Antennas rust-red ; head and thorax 

 dark green ; elytra silvery, with a large green spot on each 

 shoulder, and a number of smaller spots on the sides : a broad 

 jagged green stripe down the suture ; under side of body dark 

 green ; legs rust-red. In May on various plants. Of this beetle 

 there are two broods during summer. About the latter part of 

 July the first disappear, and at this time numbers may be found 

 dead in the lake drift on the peninsula. Mr. Harris says they 

 pass the winter in holes, and under leaves and stones. L. 4 lin. 

 GASTROPHYSA 

 caiRtTLEiPENNis. — Mels. Cat. polygoni Lin. Antennae 

 blackish; head, elytra, and body beneath dark blue; thorax 

 and legs dull orange red ; ■ plants black. 



Immediately before the ? deposits its oca, the abdomen 

 swells beyond the elytra. Length IJ lines. Toronto, common 

 throughout summer on the knot grass. 

 CHRYSOCHUS 

 AURATUS. — Meh. Cat. (Eumolpus) Harris. Antenna} 

 black; head and thorax polished green, the latter rotund 

 in front; elytra rich golden green, polished, wider in front than 

 thorax, with a very narrow margin ; scutellum, body beneath, 

 and legs polished green ; tarsi black. Oblong-oval in form, ge- 

 nerally about 4 lines in length. Sault Ste. Marie and Toronto, 

 in July and August, on the Dog's-bane {Apocynuin Androsm- 

 mi/oliuni). Not common. 



CRYPTOCEPHALUS 

 SELt.iTUS. — 3Ich. Gat. Antennas long, reddish at the base, 

 and black at the point; thorax black, highly polished ; scutellum 

 black, tuberculatc ; elytra densely and minutely punctured in 

 rows, with an orange-red spot behind each shoulder, and another 

 on each side of apex. Length 2 lines. Toronto, common. 



Kirby describes the above as C. notatus F., which BIr. 

 Haldeman states is a southern species. 

 HIPPODAMIA 

 PARENTHESIS (?) — Mds. Cat. ; iridens Kirby. Thorax 

 black, the margin in front yellow ; elytra yellow, on which 

 are three black transverse fascias, viz., the first on front,crosses 

 the suture : that on the centre abbreviated nearly equal in 

 breadth throughout : and the posterior one oblique, wider to- 

 wards the suture ; body beneath black. Toronto, not common. 

 13-PU.\CT.\TA Lin. {Meh Cat.) Cocc. tiOialis Say. Oblong. 

 Thorax black : the margin yellow, and on each side a small 

 dot; elytra yellow; six black dots on each — the thirteenth 

 occupy the place of scutellum. Toronto, common. 

 Taken by Richardson at Great Bear Lake, hit. (3o° — G7° N. 



COCCIXELLA 



SANGUIN'EA. — 31els. Cat. ; inimaculata Fabr. Thorax black, 

 polished, with a bright yellow margin, which partly encircle 

 a black spot on each side ; elj'tra reddish-orange colour, im- 

 maculate. Small, convex. Toronto, not common. 



BIPUNCTATA. — Mels. Cat. ; hiocxdata Say. Thorax black, 

 polished, with a yellow marginal spot each side ; elytra reddish 

 colour, with a single black polished spot on each. 



In winter, numbers of this species are commonly found con- 

 gregated together under the bark of trees. 



NONEMNOTATA. — Meh. Cat. Thorax black, with a white 

 angular spot on each side in front, connected behind the head 

 by a white transverse line ; elytra dull orange, with nine black 

 dots — two anterior, small : two posterior, large : the ninth is 

 behind the scutellum ; body beneath and legs black. Toronto^ 

 common. 



UPIS 

 CERAMBOIDES Lin. [Meh. Cat.) ; reticidatus Saj. Black. 

 Antennas eleven-jointed, gradually widened from the base ; 

 thorax emarginate, minutely punctured ; elytra black, broader 

 than thorax, very hirsute, with zigzag polished protuberances; 

 legs long and slender : fore tarsi five-jointed: hind tarsi four- 

 jointed. 



Taken by Mr. Ibbetson at Manitoulin, and by Mr. Richaid- 

 son, on the borders of the Mackenzie and Slave rivers, lat. 62° N. 

 BOLITOPHAGUS— ELEDOXA 

 CORNtj'TFS. — 3Ieh. Cat. Antennas composed of short arti- 

 culations, thicker at the point ; shield hirsute, armed in front 

 with two short teeth ; thorax hirsute : seven short teeth on 

 each side, and from the centre of which project two liorns over 

 the shield, with a dense brush of reddish hairs underneath ; 

 elytra hirsute, with three rows of tubercles on each. Entirely 

 of a dull rust color. Found in fungi. Common. L. 5 lines. 

 9 has two protuberances on thorax ; elytra hirsute. Size 

 and colour of % . 



NOTOXUS 

 MONODON (?) — 3Ieh. Cat. Antennas filiform ; head bent 

 down, of a dark brown colour; thorax projecting like a horn 

 over the head ; elytra yellow, villous, with a black line down 

 the suture, which spreads apart behind, and terminates in a 

 round dot on eacli : an oblong black spot on the sides. To- 

 ronto, common on umbelliferous flowers. ].,ength IJ lines. 

 (To he continued.) 



Water-Works in the United States. 



By Jacob Houghton, C.E. 



Cincinnati. — The city of Cincinnati is supplied with water 

 from the Ohio river, from which it is elevated, by means of 

 steam-engines, to a height of 175 feet, into a stone reservoir, 

 containing 5,000,000 gallons. There are three engines, one 

 condensing, and two non-condensing. The pumping or rising 

 mains are 800 feet in length. These works were originally 

 owned by a company, from whom the city purchased them for 

 ?300,000. To April, 1853, they had expended STOO.OUO in 

 improvements, making a total cost of §1,000,000. Further 

 extensive improvements are in contemplation. Nine years ago 

 these works were in a very bad condition, the water being dis- 

 tributed principally through wooden logs, which have been 

 entirely replaced with iron pipes. Cincinnati contains upwards 

 of 100,000 inhabitants. 



Fittshurgh is supplied with water from the Alleghany river. 



