THE PEESrCIPAL DISPLACEMENTS. 
21 
vium at the base of the Vermilion Cliffs hide everything beneath for several 
miles, and beyond that no trace of the fault is visible. 
The Western and Eastern Kaibab displacements will be treated so fully 
hereafter that no extended mention of them is deemed necessary here. 
They include between them the Kaibab platform. At the northern extrem- 
ity of that plateau the western fault merges into the eastern and loses its 
individuality at once. The eastern displacement is a great mouoclinal flex- 
ure. South of the river, at the head of the Grand Canon, it appears as a 
gentle inclination, becoming steeper and more abrupt upon the northern 
side. All along the eastern front of the Kaibab it is a sharp sudden flexure, 
turning down the Carboniferous beds from 2,500 to 4,000 feet. It reaches 
far to the northward and enters the district of the High Plateaus. 
The easternmost displacement is the Echo Cliff flexure. It crosses the 
Colorado at the head of the Marble Canon and is known to extend at least 
100 miles south of the river. Upon the northern side it reaches up to the 
little village of Paria at the foot of the Vermilion Cliffs, whei’e it appears 
to merge with the Eastern Kaibab monocline. 
The four faults west of the Kaibab, viz, the Grand Wash, Hurricane, 
Toroweap, and West Kaibab, drop the country to the west of them. The 
two monoclines east of the same plateau, viz, East Kaibab and Echo Cliff 
flexures, drop the country to the east of them. We may note also a gen- 
eral feature in the trend of these faults. With the exception of the Echo 
Cliff monocline their courses, though generally north and south, are curvi- 
linear and in a peculiar way. At the base of the Vermilion Cliffs the courses 
are a little west of south, and thence gradually bend to due south and finally 
to the south-southeast. All of them appear to have this feature in common, 
and the result is that they include between them crescent-shaped or scime- 
tar-shaped blocks of country. Viewed in another way we may observe 
that they show a tendency to maintain a parallelism with the western and 
southwestern boundary of the district; which boundary, as will subse- 
quently appear, is the approximate locus of the old Mesozoic shore-line, 
from which the sediments of that age were derived. No cross faults — at 
least upon the northern side of the chasm — have been detected, and it may 
