HORN AND BONE IMPLEMENTS 2S9 



Fig. 159 is a very fine example of a pipe made from a large antler, 

 which belongs to the writer, and which is probably a little over a 

 century old. It retains the metallic lining in the bowl, without 

 which no pipe of this material could be used. Its history is a little 

 obscure, but it belonged to an early Onondaga pioneer, and was 

 probably made by an Indian of that county. All the prongs but 

 the basal have been cut off, and the bowl is in the cavity between 

 that and the main branch. The carved lines have been filled with 

 red or blue paint, and the holes and some other parts are edged with 

 red. There are numerous perforations, as may be seen. The antler 

 was split from the tip down to the bowl, and the unpolished side 

 painted with Indian red. The stem is made of some light wood, 

 with five encircling bosses, inserted in the stem hole at one end, and 

 tied with buckskin near the other. This is about 14r| inches long, 

 the figure being one half the actual dimensions each way. The 

 chord of the arc of the antler as it is, is 11|- inches. The antler was 

 an extremely large one of the Virginia deer. It is a very fine 

 article, and probably absolutely unique. 



For the reasons given, bone and horn pipes are among the rarest 

 of Indian articles. That they might have been used 250 years ago 

 is not impossible, but probably all made 150 years ago could be 

 counted on one's fingers. There is probably not one existing for 

 which a date so early can be verified. In speaking of one in the 

 Toronto collection, Mr Boyle said: "Pendants and even pipes were 

 made from bone. The last class of bone objects, it should be said, 

 is very seldom seen. Only one has come into our possession so far, 

 and it may have been a makeshift." Boyle, p. 76. This is a hol- 

 low bone, about 2^ inches long, with a central perforation in the 

 side. 



Chisels and gouges 



Fig. 13 is a small bone chisel, the locality of which is not certain. 

 It probably came from the Atwell or the Nichols pond site. It is 

 sharpened at the broad end and was in the Ledyard collection. 

 Fig. 94 is a bone chisel from the Mohawk valley, and is in the 

 Richmond collection. It is thick and broad, and is sharpened at 

 both ends. Fig. 93 is like a chisel in general form, but the ends 



