HORN AND BONE IMPLEMENTS 305 



neither barb nor terminal knob, and is of a type found on historic 

 sites in New York, as well as those but little older. A corroded 

 one from the Madisonville site in Ohio is older in appearance than 

 others from that place, but this is the result of position rather than 

 age, as may be seen from Dr Rau's account of another with a well 

 cut groove at the top. It was found at the same place. He said : 

 " This hook presents a perfectly fresh appearance, being almost 

 white, and is of excellent workmanship and well polished." liau, 

 p. 127. Another from this spot was perforated at the top — a rare 

 feature. Hooks seen by the writer from that place in general can 

 not be distinguished from similar specimens in ]STew York. There 

 is little reason, from the form, to call any of them old. Other 

 things suggest age. Three out of the 11 hooks were from ISTew 

 York, and other types have been added since. 



Dr Rau did not class Schoolcraft's bone fishhook as a barbed 

 hook, though it certainly suggests this. The latter writer said that 

 it was found within an earthwork on Cunningham's island in Lake 

 Erie, and added : " Within these inclosures have been found stone 

 axes, pipes, perforators, bone fishhooks, fragments of pottery, arrow- 

 heads, net sinkers, and fragments of human bones." Schoolcraft, 

 2: 87 



Soon after furnishing this figure to Dr Rau, the writer himself 

 found a sharp and well preserved barb broken from a hook. Then 

 the figure of another was sent to him from Jefferson county ; then 

 he met with a large one at Toronto, and since then several of the 

 barbed hooks have been found, mostly in the Onondaga territory. 

 While they suggest a knowledge of the white man's arts in their 

 barbs, it is a curious fact that all which can be dated are older than 

 the period of colonization, though well within that of discovery. 

 Those without barbs are both older and more recent, and of course 

 sometimes contemporaneous with those having barbs. 



In making a hook, the method was peculiar. With rude tools 

 there was much danger of breaking, and this was carefully guarded 

 against. A j:>iece of bone was brought nearly down to the required 

 dimensions for one or two hooks, and then ground to the desired 

 thickness. Then work began on the inside by boring and cutting. 

 The superfluous material was thus removed and the inside of the 



