THE ARCHEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK 2^ 



Atlantic coast. On the west side it occupied most of the Mississippi 

 valley from the source to the mouth of the Ohio, being checked 

 there by the Siouan stock, and a little eastward in Tennessee by the 

 Muskhogean. 



West of the Algonkian stock and held like an island between 

 other stocks, including the Cheyenne-Arapahoe tribes of Algonkian 

 blood, were the tribes of the Sioux, extending from eastern Assini- 

 boia southward into southern Arkansas. The area resembles a large 

 headed, short winged, large tailed bird flying with its short, blunt 

 bill, to the north-northwest. Its head and shoulders press into the 

 Algonkian area, its right wing pushes into Minnesota and northern 

 Iowa, and its clipped left wing between two Algonkian divisions to 

 the west, and into the area of the great Shoshonean stock. Oddly 

 enough in the very middle of its back along the boundaries of North 

 and South Dakota there rests an isolated band of the Caddoan stock, 

 but the Caddoes also push into the thunder bird from the west and 

 nearly sever the tail, through the base of which the Missouri flows 

 (between Iowa and Nebraska). 



The Shoshonean stock occupied the Rocky mountain region, 

 pushed across to the Sierras and thence southward into California, 

 where in the southern end it held a strip of sea coast. A long pro- 

 jection pushes southward through southwestern Wyoming, all of 

 Utah, Nevada and the western half of Colorado, into northeastern 

 New Mexico and northwestern Texas. Still southward other traces 

 of this stock are found until we learn from a number of authorities 

 that the Shoshoni are related to a greater division known as the Uto- 

 Aztekan family, which of course includes the Aztec or Nahuatl 

 people. Thuo the Shoshoni, the Paiute, the Bannock, the Comanche 

 and the Hopi are but northern kinsmen of the Aztecs. 



The Caddoan stock, we have mentioned. Its most northern loca- 

 tion is along the borders of North and South Dakota. Pushing 

 across the prairies we find in southern Nebraska another and larger 

 group, then southward among the Kiowa several small groups, per- 

 haps later comers from the north. South of the Kiowan stock 

 between the Shoshonean stock on the west, the Muskhogean on the 

 east and the Siouan to the north is the third and largest division of 

 the Caddo people, while south and east of them are several small 

 stocks, the Natchesan, Tonican, Attacapan and Chittemachan. 



While the Muskhogean stock was east of the Caddo, these small 

 barrier stocks above mentioned actually occupied a small strip, pre- 

 venting close contact. The Muskhogean people were dwellers of 



