THE xVRCHEOLOGTCAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK 197 



similar in character, except that at St Lawrence, 1)eing- projections of 

 hills into valleys and having a walled neck. No complete pottery 

 vessels are reported from the Reed Fort. 



Of large interest are the specimens of clay pipes from this site. 

 In general type they are like the pipes from prehistoric Onondaga 

 sites in Jefferson county though some types are distinctly Senecan 

 or Seneca-Neutral. The bowls are round with decorative lines and 

 dots ; some have square raised rims, like the so-called Huronian 

 forms, and others have human face effigies modeled on in the char- 

 acteristic Seneca style. One pipe in the collection has the face 

 of a woman with a wildcat robe over the head. Its counterpart 

 in technic is Mr Dewey's pipe from Stone Church, Genesee county, 

 wdiich has two figures seated side by side, one male and the other 

 female. One stone pipe shows a naked and grotesquely formed 

 female and another is a phallus in clay. 



The implements of bone constitute the largest range of forms. 

 Almost every bone in the various food animals seems to have had 

 a use, especially leg and jaw bones. Even the teeth were drilled or 

 grooved for pendants and beads. 



Bone awls have been found in large numbers and Mr Dewey has 

 compiled a list of 525 specimens positively known to have been 

 found on the site. The various types are represented in plate 65. 



Beads or small cylinders of bone were worked from the leg 

 and wing bones of birds and small mammals. Many are highly 

 polished. Some of the bone cylinders are as long as 3 or 4 inches 

 and seem similar to the tubes used by the Seneca shamans and 

 claimed by them to have been swallowed in the process of extracting 

 disease from their patients. The phalangeal bones of deer and 

 bears were worked in many varied forms, some being partly saw^ed 

 in twain and others worked into cones that may have been fastened 

 on the fringes of the leggins like the more modern tin and brass 

 jinglers of the Indians of the historic period. Some may have 

 been the cups used in the cup and awl game. There are many exam- 

 ples of ball joints perforated as pendants and some specimens of 

 the toothless anterior portions of deer jaws cut, polished and 

 notched. 



Of considerable interest are the fish hooks of wdiich we have 

 more than twenty specimens besides those in process of manu- 

 facture (see figure 25). The series illustrating this process is of 

 considerable interest and shows that two hooks were made at the 

 same time by making an oval link out of a section of bone and 

 then cutting it in the middle. The books are without barbs and 



