282 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



on the bottoms and rounded over the back with graduall}' tapering 

 ends. 



The ordinary celts are of the usual type found everywhere in the 

 Erie cultural area and in general throughout the Iroquoian. Alost of 

 the specimens are equilateral, there being none of the adz, " flat- 

 bellied " or " turtle-backed " forms. The majority of celts were 

 found in graves although a few are from refuse pits. Three entire 

 celts and two broken celts were found in a " feast pit " previously 

 described (pit 80). One small double-edged or "bitted" celt came 

 from grave 92 which is shown in figure 13, plate 88. 



Stone Tobacco Pipes 



The stone pipes are perhaps the most interesting forms cf polished 

 stone articles. Those discovered exhibit many interesting features. 



Two pipe bowls carved from sandstone are of interest (plate 90, 

 figure 2, 3). Figure 2 is bell-shaped with notches cut around the 

 edge and a cross cut in the rounded bottom of the bowl. In Joseph 

 D. McGuire's American Aboriginal Pipes and Smoking Customs, 

 contained in the National Museum Report of 1897, page 428, figure 

 ^2, is fi-gured a pipe from Accotink, \ a., very similar to this 

 specimen. Of these pipes Doctor !\IcGuire says : 



Among the 'bowl pipes of vaselike form they are found to vary from 

 those which are as broad as they are long, specimens having a hight four 

 times as great as their diameter. This type is usually made from steatite, 

 or kindred stones, capable of resisting heat, though, as with most American 

 pipes, there are numerous exceptions to the rule. One in the Smithsonian 

 collection, of gra}^ sandstone was found in a cave on Tar river, Yancy co., 

 North Carolina, and another found in a kitchen heap in Kanawha county. 

 West Virginia, which was made from a brown stone. Other specimens 

 are known of this type made from partially decomposed limestone, feldspar, 

 and even fossil coral. The writer is informed by the Rev. W. M. Beauchamp 

 that this type is frequentl}' encountered in Onondaga county. New York. 



Pipes of this urn-shaped type are found also along the headwaters of the 

 St Lawrence, on the south shores of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, and along 

 the upper waters of the Ohio and its affluents, a typical specimen being from 

 Accotink, Virginia, while yet other specimens in the Ignited States National 

 Museum collection are from New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, 

 Kentucky, Tennessee, Lidiana and North Carolina. 



If the area of distribution of the urn-shaped pipe is compared with the 

 tribal distribution first known to the whites, as it appears on Powell's linguistic 

 map, it will be seen that this especial form of the bowl pipe is found in 

 Iroquoian territory on the north, through the Algonquin on the south into 

 the southern Iroquoians. It should be remembered that this area corresponds, 

 reasonably, with the territory influenced by French trade before the advent 



