THE ARCHEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK 285 



Assistant State Geologist, made an analysis and pronounced it to be 

 an Ohio kaolin. The broken granular surface of the pipe near the 

 bowl suggests that it had been molded from a rather stiff clay and 

 the roughened top of the head suggests that a portion has been 

 broken off and that an attempt had been made to smooth it over 

 by rubbing. It has there the appearance of baked pottery, the sur- 

 face of which has been rubbed down. The glazed surface, however, 

 has not been produced and this suggests that the pipe has been 

 hardened in the fire. Yet while the pipe from these appearances 

 seems to be kaolin it seems remarkable that instead of having the 

 bowl and stem hole molded, as is customary with clay pipes, that 

 these holes should have been gouged and drilled out, as they mani- 

 festly were. The hind leg on the side visible ;in the photograph is 

 incised but on the reverse s'de the three lines have every appearance 

 of having been molded as if in plastic clay. It may be that the 

 clay was found in a semihardened condition and that it was formed 

 into the pipe by both processes and afterward hardened by firing. 

 The pipe, while the effigy is unusual, does not differ in general form 

 from other effigy pipes found in the region. There is nothing in the 

 workmanship to indicate the use of European tools or influence 

 [see description of grave 92 and plate 85.] 



One of the interesting features about these pipes is that the bowl 

 capacities are small in comparison with modern European pipes. 

 Probably less tobacco could be contained in one than is held in a 

 modern factory cigarette. The bowls of the clay pipes were a little 

 larger. No tobacco ashes were found in any of the stone pipes. 



Objects of Chipped Flint 



Objects of flint were numerous, especially in graves where com- 

 plete outfits for their manufacture were found in several instances. 

 Complete flint articles were not numerous on the surface although 

 there was an abundance of chips and broken blades. The ash pits 

 contained numbers but the graves the most. The lack of finished 

 points on the surface may be due to the fact that each year as the 

 ground was plowed the arrow points were picked up. The older 

 inhabitants say that bushels 'of arrows and " skinning stones " have 

 been carried off. It is probable that most of the durable objects 

 left on the surface when the site was deserted by its aboriginal 

 inhabitants have been removed by the white tillers of the soil who 

 followed them at a later period and whose curiosity was aroused by 

 the strange artifacts which were turned up by their plows. At any 

 rate very little was found except below plow depth. 



