THE ARCHEOLOGICAL HISTORY OP^ NEW YORK 333 



charred human bones were found. Fire-broken stones were fre- 

 quent, and mussel (Unio) shells, mammal, bird and lish bones 

 occurred in considerable quantities. Pottery, implements and orna- 

 ments were quite abundant and will be considered later. 



Refuse heap C was just northeast of B, a little higher up toward 

 the turn top of the village knoll. It proved to be roughly oval, and 

 14 by 20 feet in size, gaining however a maximum depth of only i8 

 inches. The specimens were of the same general character as in the 

 other deposits, but were not so thick. 



On the eastern slope of the hill, toward the springs, was refuse 

 heap D, at first called east refuse heap, a scattered collection of 

 irregular hillside deposits of refuse of ordinary type, in the whole, 

 but rather poor in relics. One feature, however, merits special 

 description and discussion — the presence of articles of European 

 make intermingled with Indian artifacts — a phenomenon not dupli- 

 cated anywhere else on the site. On digging into a low hummock on 

 the surface of this heap very black earth was found, mingled with 

 fire-broken stones. A few fragments of Indian pottery then appeared 

 and we thought we had found a regular Indian refuse heap. But 

 we were soon surprised to find bits of European crockery among 

 the Indian things. At the depth of about a foot a 2-inch ash layer 

 was discovered covering an area 6 or 8 feet square and beneath 

 this again 6 inches more of black earth in which were mingled Indian 

 pottery, European crocker}', an Indian bone implement, some iron 

 nails, an old button and pieces of window glass, some Unio shells 

 and a few bones which resembled those of the cow^ and the pig. Now 

 the question arises how did this remarkable admixture occur ? I do 

 not believe that it was due to contact between the Indians and whites 

 for two reasons: first, because none of the articles of white man's 

 manufacture found was of the sort traded to the Indians — no glass 

 beads, sheet brass or iron hatchets occurred, and none has been 

 reported in the neighborhood; second, that not one article of Euro- 

 pean make was found elsewhere on the site. For this reason I think 

 that the admixture was due to the presence of a settler's cabin on 

 the very much older Indian refuse deposit, after the makers of the 

 latter had been gone for many a year. The burning of the cabin 

 might account for the ash layer in what was probably the foundat^'on 

 hole. 



Refuse heap E lay on the very steep-cut l)ank where Taylor brook 

 eroded the northwestern part of the hill, and occu])ied a sort of a 

 pocket, 12 feet from top to bottom, 6 feet wide and attaining a 



