432 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



burning in the process. The later Iroquoian pots seldom show any 

 cord markings. Most of the Algonkin pots are covered with cord 

 lines or an ornamentation made in imitation of cordlike impressions 

 stamped in with a cord wrapped or a notched paddle (see plate 13). 



The various types of pottery are described under the subjects of 

 Algonkian and Iroquoian occupation (which see). Mound-builder 

 pottery in New York is much like the Algonkian forms but the bowls 

 are not so tall and the mouths and necks appear more nearly Iro- 

 quoian than Algonkian in some instances. 



The most highly developed pottery in New York is that of the 

 Iroquois. Iroquois pottery pipes are by far the best of any from 

 any section of North America, revealing in general a more skilled 

 craftsmanship. 



Potters' tools. Tools found in such places as to indicate their use 

 as potters' tools are shown in plate 134. They include bone smooth- 

 ers and gravers, bone stamps, stone smoothers and shell scrapers. 

 Other tools were metates, anvils, mullers, hammerstones (perhaps 

 the kind that show no battering), and slicking stones. Tools that 

 have perished are cord-wrapped paddles, checkered wooden paddles 

 and other implements of wood, cords, twigs etc. 



Consult Holmes, Pottery of the Eastern United States, Report of 

 the Bureau of Ethnology, No. 20 ; Beauchamp, Earthenware of the 

 New York Indians, N. Y. State Museum Bui. 22 ; Wren, North 

 Appalachian Indian Pottery, Wyoming Historical Society, 1914; 

 Harrington, Last of the Iroquoian Potters, N. Y. State Aluseum 

 Director's Report. 



The red paint culture. The term red paint culture is one applied 

 to evidences of a certain type of prehistoric occupation different from 

 others. The name has been used as a descriptive term because of the 

 deposits of red iron oxide or red ocher found in the graves of this 

 culture. 



Excavations of certain ancient burial places in Maine by Wil- 

 loughby, Moorehead and others, have afforded the data by which 

 this type of cuUui-e is differentiated. The artifacts associated are 

 plummets (so-called), native copper beads, gouges, adzes, celts, 

 (some) slate arrow points, a few chipped stone arrows (notched V 

 and stone knives. Other characteristics are certain flat and spatulate 

 pebbles, nodules of iron pyrites, and quantities of red ocher. To 

 quote Willoughby, " The use of this pigment seems to have been 

 universal among the Indians whose remains are found in these ceme- 

 teries. It varies in color from pink to deep red. In some graves 

 only a small quantity had been deposited which the percolating water 

 had mixed with the surrounding sand and gravel. In other graves a 



