THE ARCHEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK 49I 



3 On the north side of the river and northeast of the above named 

 is a similar but very much larger site with fireplaces, celts and ham- 

 mers. These are found over 15 acres of land. It is west of a creek 

 flowing west of Union. 



4 A similar site on the south side of the river, and west of Big 

 Choconut creek at Vestal. 



5 Round Top hill is west of Union and east of the creek before 

 mentioned. The site is at the base of the hill and north of the river, 

 extending over many acres. Very large celts and other common 

 relics have been found. 



6 Chugnutts was a large, recent town on the south side of the 

 Susquehanna, at the village of Vestal, and was burned in 1779 (Sul- 

 livan, p. 24). Some Oneidas, Tuscaroras, Skaniadarighroonas, 

 Chugnutts and Shavvnees settled at Chugnutts in 1756 (Doc. Hist. 

 N. Y., 7:50). 



7 A bluff on the north bank of the river east of Union contains a 

 cemetery. 



8, 9 South of the last site and of the river are many shell heaps in 

 the bank. Most of the shells are those of the fresh-water clam. 

 Pottery and flints are found in the refuse. 



10 An island of about 10 acres in Big Choconut creek, southeast 

 of Vestal, has earthenware and a few arrowheads. 



11 Chenango, or Otsiningo, was 4 miles north of Buighamton, in 

 the town of Chenango and on that river (Sullivan, p. 24). In 1758 

 there lived three nations at Otsiningo, the Shawnees, Nanticokes and 

 Mohickanders (Doc. Hist. N. Y., 7:250). Castle creek, on the west 

 side of Chenango river, was so called from the Indian castle at its 

 mouth (French, p. 181). Many silver ornaments were found near 

 Binghamton (Wilkinson, p. 143). An Indian oven was washed out 

 there, on the Susquehanna (Wilkinson, p. 220). These quotations 

 indicate the extensive evidence of Indian occupation in the vicinity 

 of Binghamton. The culture is mostly Algonkian. The largest 

 pottery vessel found in N>ew York is from this locality and was 

 found by William Hakes. 



12 Camp sites along the Tioughnioga river between Chenango 

 Forks and Whitney's Point. 



13 Ouaquaga was on both sides of the Susquehanna. 8 miles below 

 Conihunto, and near the present Ouaquaga. It was destroyed in 

 1779 (Sullivan, p. 23). A deposit of brass kettles was found at 

 Ouaquaga (Wilkinson, p. 155-56). At Ouaquaga are old apple 

 trees and earthworks (French, footnote, p. 180). 



14 On the hilly slope at Ouaquaga human bones were plowed up. 

 The remains of a recent fort was seen by the first settlers (Child, 



