THE ARCHEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK 503 



ous and may never have been so. The north and south axis from 

 the outside base of the bank was 410 feet, and the east and west 

 416. There were several openings in the wall, of which Squier said: 

 "It has been conjectured by some that the walls here have been 

 washed away, but it is clear that there was a slight necessity 

 for defenses at this point, and that none ever existed beyond what 

 may be traced." The descent was abrupt on all sides, and there 

 were caches. The bank was 2 or 3 feet high in 1850, with a cor- 

 responding ditch. (Squier, p. 49, pi. 5, no. i.) The walls are still 

 well preserved at this writing. 



14 Macauley described another fort in Auburn, 2 miles north- 

 east of this, containing 2 acres, with a bank, ditch and gateway. 

 It was on Nprth street, near the present railroad crossing. When 

 the land was cleared about 1790, the bank was 7 feet high, and 

 the ditch 10 feet wide. It was 350 paces in circumference, and 

 had a gate to the northeast. Hammerstones, earthenware and triang- 

 ular flint arrowheads were found. Not far off was a mound filled 

 with skeletons, probably a natural elevation. DeWitt Clinton more 

 correctly said it was a mile north of the last, but he may have 

 overestimated the area. He also stated that it had a north gate, the 

 entrance of which must have been from the west on account of 

 the overlapping of the wall. 



15 There is a cemetery, etc. with modem relics on John Morse's 

 land 3 miles north of Cayuga. It is covered by an orchard. 



16 North Cayuga, St Stephen's or Thiohero, w^as 2 miles north 

 of Cayuga village, on lot 24, Aurelius. The site occupies 3 or 

 4 acres east of the canal and north of the highway. Jesuit rings 

 and European articles are found. In an early cache nearby was 

 found a plate of mica and other curious articles. This and most 

 of the following sites were reported by W. W. Adams of Mapleton. 

 Gen. J. S. Clark said that Choharo '* was the Tichero (Thiohero) 

 or St Stephen's of the Jesuit relations, said to signify the place of 

 rushes, at the foot of Cayuga lake on the east side, at the exact point 

 where the bridge of the middle turnpike left the east shore. The 

 trail across the marsh followed the north bank of an ancient chan- 

 nel of the Seneca river. . . . The salt springs mentioned by Father 

 Raffeix in 1672 were on the w^est side of the marsh about a half 

 a mile north of the New York Central railroad bridge." 



17 In a burial place on Frontenac island, Cayuga lake, skeletons 

 were found on a rock 2 feet under ground. 



18 Stone relics alone are found on a site of 10 acres on Yawger's 

 point, north of Union Springs, lot 92, Springport. Lodge sites 

 appear over the whole field. 



