652 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



and strategic reasons, were sometimes moved from the locality in 

 which one explorer might have identified them to some other point. 

 Totiakton seems to have been removed three or four times and it is 

 not unlikely that the Dann farm site on Spring creek, southwest of 

 Honeoye Falls, may have been one of these sites. The W^arren farm 

 site on the Honeoye outlet in West Bloomfield has not been identified 

 with any known village. The same is true of Factory Hollow site, 

 in the same township. The Warren site was so extensive in the 

 occupation that it seems somewhat peculiar that the earlier explorers 

 did not know about it and mention its name. 



It is quite evident from a review of the sites and judging from the 

 relics found within them that the migrations of the Seneca were to 

 the northward during the middle colonial period, beginning on the 

 west with the Reed site in Richmond and pushing northward along 

 the valley of Hemlock and the Honeoye, and in the center of the 

 county pushing northward from the valley of Canandaigua lake. 

 This would explain the early character of the southern hilltop sites 

 and also the prevalence of European material on the northern sites, 

 as Totiakton and Gandagora, both of which bear evidence of having 

 been destroyed by the French troops. The raids against the Seneca 

 in 1687 apparently scattered them throughout this region and changed 

 the character of their villages so that few of them after this period 

 seemed to have been protected by palisades or built on hilltop strong- 

 holds. The change seems largely to have been brought about by the 

 possession of firearms, which merely augmented their military power. 

 Most of the sites in this vicinity have been thoroughly examined by 

 Fred H. Hamlin, E. Gordon Lee, Frederick Houghton, A. H. Dewey, 

 A. C. Parker, H. C. Follett, and several of them by Colonel Moul- 

 throp of Rochester. 



The Iroqnoian occupation, however, was preceded by that of an 

 earlier people who left polished stone implements such as birdstones 

 and stone tubes. Certain Algonkian settlements also seem to have 

 been established in the earlier days before the Iroquois but the sites 

 of these occupations are not so well marked as those of the Senecas, 

 who stamped the evidence of their occupation deep in the soil and 

 wrote ineffaceable evidences in their numerous graves. 



List of Sites 



I Village and palisaded hilltop stronghold on Boughton hill i^i; 

 miles south of the village of Victor. This famous site is on the 

 farms of M. E. McMahon, W. B. Moore and W. J. Greene. It 

 occupies the top of Boughton hill and lies along the 800 feet contour 



