Oak twig showing work of the oak and maple twig pniner, 



Elaphidion villosum Fabr. 

 Spruce twig infested with the spruce bud scale, Physokermes 



p i c e a e Schr. 

 Pine shoot injured by the European Pine-Shoot Moth, E v e t r i a 



b u o 1 i a n a Schiff . Note particularly the series of blasted 



buds at the base of the one moderately vigorous shoot. 



294 



