REPOET ON THE PENNATULIDA. 37 



Africa. The Cliallenger found five new forms of Pennatulidse from Australia, New 

 Guinea, the Philipjsines, and Japan, amongst them four species [Pennatula moseleyi, 

 murrayi, naresi, and pearceyi) which are nearer the known European tj'pes, and only 

 one species with the soft leaves of the typical Asiatic and west American fonns (P. 

 sxblcata). 



The knowledge of the ViRGULAUiDiE has been augmented by the discovery of the 

 habitat of Scy tedium sard (Philippines), and the discovery of a new Scytalium from the 

 same locality. The Virgularid^, as I now define them, are Tvidely distributed in the 

 European seas (three species of Virgulana, two of Duhenia), the east and west coasts of 

 America (all the species of Stylatula and of Acanthoptilum) , the east coast of Africa 

 [Pavonaria africana, Stud.), and the south-east Asiatic seas, as far as Australia (eight 

 species of Virgularia, two oi Scytalium). 



The STACHYPTiLiDiE, Protocaulid.^, and Protoptilid.-e, belonging to the simplest 

 forms of the Peunatulida, have two centres, one in the Pacific Ocean, on the coasts of 

 New Guinea [Stachyptiltim, Trichoptilum) , New Zealand [Protocaulon, Leptojptilum), 

 and Japan {Sderoptilum, Microptilum) , and one in the North Atlantic {Protoptilum), 

 and North Sea {Lygomorpha, Cladiscus). 



The ANTHOPTiLiDiE are limited to the east coast of America, but have a mde range 

 from Halifax to Buenos Ayres and Tristan d'Acunha. 



With regard to the KoPHOBELEMNONiDiE, the Veretillid^-e, and the EenilliD-E, little 

 new has been added to our knowledge through the investigations of the Challenger, with 

 the exception of a new Kophohelemnon from Japan. Nevertheless, it is interesting to 

 know that the limited distribution of these families has been confirmed. Professor Studcr 

 has lately found a Veretillum at the Cape de Verde Islands, and a Cavernularia at 

 Madeira. 



The distribution of the Umbellulid^ is most remarkable. After having known for 

 more than a century only one locality, the North Polar Sea, near the coast of Green- 

 land, we have now learned that this form is far and widely distributed. Umhellulce have 

 now been obtained from the North Atlantic Ocean (between Portugal and JMadeira) ; fi'om 

 the North Polar Sea, coast of Greenland ; from the Atlantic Ocean, under the Equator, 

 between Africa and America, and from the west coast of Africa, north of Sierra Leone 

 (Stud.) ; from the South African Sea, west of Kerguelen Island ; from the South Polar 

 Sea ; from the coasts of New Guinea and of Japan ; and from the middle of the North 

 Pacific Ocean (Station 246). Umbelhda has, therefore, of all genera of Pennatulida the 

 widest distx-ibution. 



Our knowledge of the vertical distribution of the Ponuatulida. has made great 

 progress through the explorations of the Challenger. When I pulilished my monograph 

 I was justified in saying that the great majority of the Pennatulida were shallow-water 



