38 



THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGEE. 



animals, living in the vicinity of the coasts, at a depth of 6 to 10 or 20 fathoms; but 

 now the number living at great depths has so increased that it is nearly equal to that 

 of the shallow-water forms. 



If we comj)are the two groups, it is obvious that the great majority of the higher 

 forms of the families Pteroeidid^, Pennatulid^, Virgularid^., and Eenillid^ live in 

 shallow water. The only species going deeper than 100 fathoms, are — 



Pennatula grancUs, Ehrenb., 



P. pliosphorea, var. aculeata, Koll., 



Dubenia dbyssicola, Kor. and Dan., 



Pavoiiaria africana, Stud., 



P. finmarcMca, Sars, 



Virgularia iromleyi, Koll., 



Fathoms. 

 150-200 

 .30-300 

 100-120 

 360- 

 240-300 

 565- 



Of the lower groups of the Pennatulida, only the Veretillidse seem to live in shallow 

 water ( V. cynomorium, var. astyla was found by Studer, at the Cape de Verde Islands, 

 in 115 fathoms). All the others are, with very few exceptions, deep-sea forms, as shown 

 by the following list : — 



FUNICULINID^. p^^t,^„„, 



Funiculina quadrangularis, Blainv., ..... 20-350 



Halipteris cliristii, Kor. and Dan., ..... 200 



Staehyptilum macleari, Koll, 



Stachyptilid.^. 



129 



Anthoptilid^. 



AnthoptUtim thomsoni, Koll., 





600 



mwrayi, Koll, 



. 



1250 



simplex, Koll, 





1900 



K0PH0BELEM]Sr0NID.<E . 





Kopliolelemnon stelliferum; var. durum, MiilL, 



. ' 40-300 



stelliferum, Koll., 





458-690 



ferrugineum, Koll. , 





345 



(sp.). 





700 



Bathyptilum carpenteri, Koll., 



Umbellulid.^. 



650 



Vmbellula guntheri, Koll., . 





1850 



simplex, KoU., . 





2050 



leptocaulis, Koll., 





2440 



durissima, KoU., 





565 



huxleyi, Koll, . 





565 



