﻿1861.] SYMONDS AND LAMBERT MALVERN AND LEDBURY. 153 



the seat of Mr. Osman Ricardo, M.P. for "Worcester. Again they 

 may be seen covering the Bromesberrow sandstones near the Glynch 

 Brook, and ranging south towards Red Marley D'Abitot, where 

 they are faulted against the Lower Keuper Marls, which should 

 surmount them. 



No. 3. Lower Red Marls. 



These soft marly beds are well exposed in the lateral valleys in 

 the Malvern district. These are valleys of denudation, and in most 

 instances occur where anticlinals of Keuper Sandstone have been 

 broken and the apices or ridges of the anticlinals removed. 



No. 2. Upper Keuper Sandstones. 



These fossiliferous sandstones have been generally denuded along 

 the Malvern Vale. Wherever I have studied them, they are mere 

 relics of a series of low anticlinals. 



No. 1. Upper Grey and Red Marls. 



These rocks are the uppermost Triassic deposits, and at the Ber- 

 row Hill, within two miles of the Chase end of the Malvern ridge, 

 pass upwards conformably into the Lower Lias, with the charac- 

 teristic fossils. 



I now refer to the section of the tunnel at Malvern "Wells, on the 

 "Worcester and Hereford Railway, prepared by Mr. Alan Lambert 

 and myself, and for the admeasurements of which I am indebted to 

 Mr. Lambert, one of the engineers upon the line, who has assisted 

 me throughout this somewhat arduous undertaking with the utmost 

 courtesy and good will. Mr. Lambert has prepared a section (re- 

 duced in fig. 1) of the line of railway, from the entrance of the 

 Malvern tunnel to the exit of the Ledbury tunnel on the Hereford 

 line, for the Geological Society of London, at the request of Mr. Lid- 

 dell, the chief engineer of the railroad. 



The entrance of the tunnel (see Section, fig. 1, and the Expla- 

 nation) commences with the Upper Keuper Marls (10 m. 330 yds.), 

 overlain by a considerable thickness of subangular drift, which has 

 furnished the bones and teeth of Bos primigenius, of Elephas primi- 

 genius, and of Rhinoceros tichorhinus. The site where these mam- 

 malian relics were discovered is near the Station at Malvern "Wells. 

 Some of these fossils are in my possession, and some are at "Worcester 

 Museum. The Upper Keuper Marls at the tunnel's moutb have 

 been much denuded. In the tunnel they pass into the Keuper Sand- 

 stones and Marls with the Estheria and fragments of teeth and spines 

 of Lophoclus (formerly Acrodus). 



These deposits are much broken and contorted, and pass into a 

 series of red marls, which, I do not doubt, are the representatives of 

 the Lower Keuper Marls (10 m. 550 yds. to 704 yds.). 



The Lower Keuper Marls dip away from a syenitic and brec- 

 ciated rock, against which they rest conformably at an angle of 50°. 



It is worthy of observation that the Lower Keuper Sandstones 

 ("Waterstones) and the Red Sandstones of Bromesberrow are en- 

 tirely wanting in the tunnel. I was puzzled, at first, whether or 

 not to rank the brecciated syenite as an equivalent of the Hafneld 

 Permian breccia, as there is evidence of stratification. The stratifi- 



