﻿1861.] SYMONDS AND LAMBERT MALVERN AND LEDBURY, 157 



tvestern crust of the Malvern plutonic range. We were astonished 

 to find, almost in the centre of this solid syenite (for the syenite on 

 the western side is not nearly so much shattered as that on the east- 

 ern flank), two thin bands of Llandovery limestone, with strata of 

 marly shales 2 feet thick lying in a fiss ure of the syenite. Fig. 4. 



Fig. 4. — Section in the Malvern Tun- Fig. 5. — Section in the 



nel, showing a seam of Llandovery rock Malvern Tunnel, showing 



in the Syenite, at 10 m. 1254 yds. By the Junction of the Silurian 



Capt. Selwyn. rock and the Syenite, at 



1 Shale. 2 Limestone. 



This Llandovery limestone (formerly "Caradoc " of Murchison) con- 

 tains some characteristic fossils ; and the shales have furnished a 

 Pentamerus. Neither the limestone nor shales are in the slightest 

 degree metamorphosed. The fissure runs from north to south, and 

 becomes smaller towards the south. These sedimentary deposits were 

 evidently deposited in a fissure in the syenite during that far distant 

 epoch when the waves of the Upper Llandovery seas washed above 

 the syenitic ridge of the Malverns, and when this interesting and 

 instructive range of hills was a low submarine ridge, of plutonic origin, 

 and of which the syenitic crust was/ even in the Upper Llandovery 

 epoch, as much cooled, consolidated, and mineralized as at present. 



I mentioned that the Lower Keuper sandstones, the Bromesberrow 

 sandstones, and the Hatfield Permian breccia (?), which are all to be 

 seen at the southern extremity of the Malverns, are wanting in the 

 tunnel on the eastern or "Worcester side of the Malverns. It is 

 somewhat remarkable, also, to find that the Cambrian (Holly-Bush) 

 sandstones and Lingula-flags (black shales) of the Chase End, 

 Bagged Stone, and Midsummer Hills (SouthMalverns) should be alto- 

 gether absent on the western flank of the hills of the Wells. The 

 syenite passed, we find limestones and shales, of the Upper Llando- 

 very epoch, full of fossils, resting perpendicularly against the ex- 

 ternal wall of syenite. Fig. 5. We have evidences of great pressure 

 and crushing, but not a symptom of metamorphism ; and I exhibit 

 a portion of shale, containing the Pentamerus Icevis, which was ob- 

 tained by Captain Peyton close to the line of junction. The Rev. 

 Reginald Hill, of Bromesberrow, Hon. (Secretary to the Malvern 

 Field- Club, was the first to disinter these fossils of the Llandovery 



