﻿1861.] SYM0NDS AND LAMBERT — MALVERN AND LEDBURY. 



159 



of Mrs. Peyton, we see the Upper Ludlow shales clipping towards the 

 vale in which the railroad runs. At the base of the hill is a bridge 

 constructed for railroad-purposes, and at this spot the workmen 

 quarried the Auchenaspis-grits of the Lower Old Eed Sandstone, 

 placed, at an angle of seventy degrees, on the clays of the Upper 

 Ludlow, and reversed*. On reference to the Ledbury section, it 

 will be seen that there is a great thickness of rock between the 

 Auchenaspis-grits and the Upper Ludlow shales. 



For some distance the railroad cuts through local drift, until, a 

 short distance after crossing the highroad from Worcester to Led- 

 bury, we pass through a section of Upper Ludlow rock, with 

 abundance of characteristic fossils (13 m. 352 yds.). 



We have nest a small basin in which, besides the local Silurian 

 drift, there is a mass of red and grey clays, evidently derived from 

 the denudation of the Old Eed Sandstone (13 m. 880 yds.). 



The railroad again strikes the Upper Ludlow shales, rising from 

 a short synclinal, and passes through a section of the Aymestry 

 limestone and a portion of the Lower Ludlow shales, which are 

 overlain, near the eastern entrance to the Ledbury tunnel, by a con- 

 siderable thickness of red and grey stratified drift derived from 

 Silurian and Old Eed deposits (from 13 m. 1144 yds. to 1518 yds.). 



This drift appears to me to be one of the most important points 

 with which we have to deal. Bones of Mammalia have been de- 

 tected therein, and amongst them the tooth of Rhinoceros tichorhinus. 

 This evidence surely tends to prove that the Old Eed Sandstone 

 covered the Upper Silurians of the Ledbury vales as late as the 

 Pleistocene epoch, and that it was removed by the action of Pleisto- 

 cene waters, which denuded the Old Eed Sandstone, and redeposited 

 its debris with the relics of animals that lived on the land. 



The tunnel proceeds through the Lower Ludlow shales at 13 m. 

 1430 yds., and then a fault occurs. The Upper Ludlow shales, with 

 the Aymestry rock, are quarried near Shaft No. 1 of the Ledbury 

 tunnel. The accompanying Section, fig. 6, furnished by Mr. A. 

 Lambert, supplies us with the details of the fault as seen in the tunnel. 



Pig. 6. — Section in Ledbury Tunnel, showing the Faitlt, 

 at 13 m, 1518 yds. By A. Lambert, Esq. 



Wenlock" Shale. 



W, 



Wenlock" Shale. 



66 feet. 



18 feet. 18 feet. 



* I have to thank my friend Captain Peyton for directing my attention to this 

 interesting fault. 



