176 



CHICKADEE— WOODPECKER— GULLS— PETREL— DIVER— TERN. 



blossoms of the fruit trees. Nearly all go north; but a few retire 

 to the woods to breed. Its song so much resembles that of the 

 Chestnut-sided Warbler that it might readily be mistaken for it. To 

 this cause, he thinks, and to the difficulty of seeing such small 

 birds in the dense summer foliage, is doubtless owing the fact of its 

 being so commonly overlooked by naturalists during the summer 

 months, rather than to its [supposed] rarity in that latitude at 

 that season. 



Long-tailed Chickadee, {Parus atricapillus, var. septentriorahs^) 



Fig. ii. 



This bird is a western variety of the typical species, represented 

 on Plate XXXII, fig. 4, page 42, and is met with in the Missouri 

 and Rocky Mountain regions. 



Banded, or White-backed, Three-toed Woodpecker. {Picoides ameri- 

 canus, var. dorsalis.) 



Fig. 12. 



A Rocky Mountain variety of the typical species, represented 

 on Plate LIU, fig. 2, page 79. 



PLATE CXVI. 



Ivory Gull. {Larus eburneus. 



Fig. 1. 



American Mew Gull. {Larus canus, var. brachyrhynchus.) 

 Fig. 2. 



California Gull. {Larus delawarensis, var. californicus^) 

 Fig. 3. 



Ring-billed Gull. {Larus delatoarensts.) 

 Fig. 4. 



Glaucous-winged Gull. {Larus glaucesceus^ 

 Fig- 5- 



White-winged Gull. {Larus leucopterus.) 

 Fig. 6. 



Glaucous; Ice Gull; Burgomaster. {Larus glaucus.) 



Fig. 7. 



Franklin's Rosy Gull. {Larus fran&lint.) 

 Fig. 12. 



Short-billed Gull; Red-legged Kittiwake. {Larus brevirostris.') 

 Fig. 13. 



Pacific Kittiwake Gull. {Larus tridactylus, var. kotzebuei,) 



Fig. 14. 



Gulls are in the strictest sense all sea birds, and only occasion- 

 ally wander inland, breeding in northern latitudes among the 



various cliffs and rocks. According to Dr. Brehm, Fishing Gulls 

 walk well, wade readily in the shallow water near the shore, swim 

 lightly and buoyantly upon a rough sea, and often sleep upon the 

 water. Their flight is slow, but by no means heavy, and can be 

 sustained for a considerable time. With long strokes of their 

 wings, they sweep onward through the air, sometimes flying in 

 circles, sometimes mounting upward against the wind, and again 

 descend to the surface of the sea. In their flights, they appear to 

 be quite at their ease, even during the wildest storms, and may 

 frequently be seen plunging into the sea from a considerable 

 height upon any prey that they may happen to espy. In sagacity 

 and courage the Gulls are superior to their kindred ; but they like- 

 wise surpass them in thieving and gluttony. They care little for 

 the society of their brethren ; nevertheless, it is a rare thing to see 

 one of them alone. These Gulls subsist principally on fishes of 

 various size, and regard carrion, whether of fish or flesh, as very 

 delectable food. They also kill and devour small quadrupeds and 

 young or disabled birds. They rob the feebler sea-fowl of their 

 eggs, and search upon the beach for worms and other animals. 

 Should the shell of a crab or mussel be too hard for their beak, 

 they at once fly with it into the air, and then dropping it from a 

 sufficient elevation upon the rocks beneath, shatter it to pieces. 



The Ivory Gull (fig. 1) is a resident of the Arctic Seas, migrat- 

 ing southward in winter. 



The American Mew Gull (fig. 2) is a variety of the European 

 type, and is a resident of the interior of Arctic America and the 

 Pacific Coast. 



The California Gull (fig. 3). An abundant bird, inhabiting the 

 interior of Arctic America and the Pacific Coast of North America. 



The Ring-billed Gull (fig. 4) is an inhabitant along the larger 

 waters throughout the interior, as well as the coasts of North 

 America. 



The Glaucous-winged Gull (fig. 5) is met with on the. Pacific 

 Coast of North America. 



The White-winged Gull (fig. 6) is met on the Northern and 

 Arctic Seas, extending its migrations south in winter, on the Pa- 

 cific Coast of North America, as far as to Long Island. 



The Ice Gull (fig. 7) has the same habitat as the last named. 



The Franklin Rosy Gull (fig. 12). An abundant interior species 

 that is met with in the high latitudes of North America, and ex- 

 tends its migrations in winter to Central and South America, 

 Mexico, and part of the West Indies. 



The Short-billed Gull (fig. 13) is an abundant species of the 

 North Pacific Coast. 



The Pacific Kittiwake Gull (fig. 14) has the same habitat as the 

 last named. 



White-bellied Petrel; Black and White Stormy Petrel. {Fregetta 

 grallaria?) 



Fig. 8. 



There is but one instance of the taking of a specimen of this 

 species, and that was obtained on the Florida Coast. The habits 

 of this Petrel are about the same as those described on page 160. 



Pacific Black-throated Diver. {Colymbus arcticus, var. pacificus.) 



Fig. 9. 



This variety of the typical species, represented on Plate CVI, 

 fig. 10, page 160, is a very common bird on the coast of Califor- 

 nia in winter. 



Noddy Tern. {Anous stolidus.) 



Fig. 10. 



This is a very common species of the South Atlantic and Pacific 

 Coasts. It passes its time mostly far out at sea, flying near the 



