40 



VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



sovereignty in this region excepting in Bokhara and some other eastern provinces, 

 at the same time that they have established themselves in countries yet further 

 east, and possess a corner of Europe. 



The Tartars of Kasan and Orenburg have acquired much of the Russian 

 mien and exterior. They are thin in person, have a fresh complexion, w^ith small 

 eyes and nose, and light hair. They are w^ell made, have a sprightly, agreeable 

 address, and are said to excel in the mechanic arts. 



The Touralinzes differ from the former in their large heads, and robust 

 forms inclined to, obesity, yet they speak the Tartar language. 



The Nogay Tartars occupy Little Tartary, embracing the provinces of 

 Krimea, Kuban and part of Circassia, between Russia and the Black Sea. They 

 have much the exterior of the proper Mongols, as seen in their small eyes, their 

 large ears and their clumsy persons ; and the resemblance is further sustained by 

 their rude and deceitful manner, and their proneness to rapine. They constitute 

 many hordes, w^hich are for the most part nomadic. 



During the expeditions of the Tartars to the west of Asia, the Usbecks fixed 

 themselves in the province of Bokhara, on the frontier of Persia, where, more 

 provident than the other hordes, they formed a permanent settlement, changing 

 their pastoral and nomadic life for that of agriculture, and their movable tents into 

 settled habitations.* Their language is one of the sweetest dialects of the 

 Tartar language ; and the people of Bokhara are themselves among the handsomest 

 of this family, owing to their proximity to Persia, and their intermarriages with 

 the native inhabitants, and with captives from Georgia and Circassia. It is even 

 asserted that no less than three-fourths of the Bokharians are of slave extraction, 

 and that their features no longer identify them with the Tartar race.f 



The Baschkirs dwell on the rivers Oural, Volga and Kama. They have the 

 large ears and small eyes of the Mongols, and their hair is often red or chestnut 

 color. Among them are individuals of the most repulsive physiognomy, while 

 the manners of the horde are gross and brutal in the extreme. " They have 

 natural good sense, but not the least inclination to cultivate their intellectual 

 faculties: they are courageous, suspicious, obstinate, severe and consequently 

 dangerous. If they were not well looked after, they would none of them follow 

 any other trade than that of pilfering and plunder.''^ 



The Barabainzes rove over the deserts between the Ob and the Irtisch, in 



* ToOKE, Russia, 11, p. 130. 

 X TooKE, Russia, II, p. 182. 



t Barnes, Trav. in Bokhara, II, p, 103. ^m. ed. 



