42 VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



it would appear that the great Chinese wall, which was erected three centuries 

 before Christ, was designed to prevent the inroads of the Huns. Their migrations, 

 like those of the other hordes of their race, were unlimited, and they at length 

 appeared in two divisions on the skirts of Europe, one near the Caspian sea, the 

 other on the Volga. These at length invaded Europe itself, and drove the Goths, 

 A. D. 375, beyond the Danube into the Roman territory. They then took 

 possession of all the country between the Danube and the Tanais, and established 

 their empire in Pannonia. They repeatedly ravaged Greece and Asia Minor, 

 until at length their ferocity, and habitual predatory inroads on the neighboring 

 provinces, led the princes of eastern Europe to combine for their destruction, 

 which was effected in the eighth century, when they were all destroyed or 

 driven out of the country; for the present Hungarians are not the descendants 

 of the Huns, but of the Goths who succeeded them in the possession of the 

 country. 



The preceding details illustrate the fact, that no absolute line of demarcation, 

 geographical or physical, can be drawn between the several branches of the 

 Mongul family. However they differ in language, and occasionally in exterior, 

 and whatever may have been their original characteristics, they are now so blended 

 that every horde possesses some of the lineaments of all the others. 



The name Tartar was originally confined to a single horde, being derived from 

 a distinguished khan or chief; and in progress of time this designation embraced 

 all the tribes from the Oxus to the country of the Mongols, between whom and 

 Europe the Tartars were interposed as a sort of barrier. The Mongols themselves 

 occupied all the territory east of the Tartars as far as China, and to the north of 

 that kingdom. Genghiz Khan, though a Mongol, began his career at the head of 

 a Tartar horde, but his singular success soon combined both nations under his 

 sway, the Mongols taking precedence : whence it happens that from the time the 

 Tartar history begins to excite attention, it ceases to be that of a particular nation. 

 " Distributed under the banners and commanders of the Mongols, these enjoy 

 with posterity the glory of their conquests, while the Tartars are constrained to 

 lend their name to the devastations with which both nations everywhere marked 

 the bloody progress of their armies." 



The rapidity of the conquests of the Mongol-Tartars, and the cruelty and 

 rapine that marked their course, are without a parallel in history ; for at the death 

 of Genghiz, nearly all Asia, excepting China and the Indo-Chinese nations, united 

 in vassalage to form that mighty dominion since called the Mogul empire. 



The latter name was more recently restricted to the Mahomedan possessions 



