64 VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



1. The Appalachian Branch may include all the nations of North America 

 excepting the Mexicans, together with the tribes north of the river of Amazons 

 and east of the Andes. The head is rounded, the nose large, salient and aquiline ; 

 the eyes dark brown, and with little or no obliquity of position ; the mouth is 

 large and straight, the teeth nearly vertical, and the whole face triangular. The 

 neck is long, the chest broad but rarely deep, the body and limbs muscular, and 

 seldom disposed to obesity. In character these nations are warlike, cruel and 

 unforgiving. They turn with aversion from the restraints of civilised life, and 

 have made but trifling progress in mental culture or the useful arts.* 



^. The Brazilian Branch is spread over a great part of South America east 

 of the Andes : its geographical position may be indicated in general terms as 

 embraced between the rivers Amazon and La Plata, and between the Andes and 

 the Atlantic; thus including the whole of Brazil and Paraguay north of the 35th 

 degree of south latitude. The physical traits of these people differ but little from 

 those of the Appalachian branch; they possess, perhaps, a larger and more 

 expanded nose, and larger mouths and lips. The eyes are small, more or less 

 oblique and set far apart : the neck is short and thick, and the body and limbs 

 stout and full even to clumsiness.f In character the Brazilian nations scarcely 

 differ from the Appalachian : none of the American tribes are less susceptible of 

 cultivation than these ; and what they are taught by compulsion in the missions 

 seldom exceeds the humblest elements of knowledge.^ 



3. The Patagonian Branch. This group includes the nations south of the 

 La Plata to the Straits of Magellan, and the mountain tribes of Chili. They are 

 for the most part distinguished for their tall stature, their fine forms and their 

 indomitable courage, of all which traits the Araucanians possess a conspicuous 

 share. 



4. The Fuegian Branch. These people, who inhabit the island of Terra 

 del Fuego, are often called Patagonians; but this name is objectionable because it 

 is also applied to numerous tribes of common Indians who inhabit the plains 

 from the Rio de la Plata to the Straits of Magellan ; wherefore, as a more local 



*This division is nearly identical with the Columbian species (Homo columbicus) of Bory de 

 St. Vincent. 



tl derive these characters chiefly from an inspection of the beautiful plates in the folio Atlas of 

 Spix and Martius's Travels in Brazil. 



t This division is almost the same with the American species of M. Bory, and is embraced in the 

 group bearing that name in the classification of M. Dumoulins. 



