THE ANCIENT PERUVIANS, 



109 



the cranial conformation of these people. Though the forehead retreats rapidly, 

 there is but little expansion at the sides, and from the face to the occiput inclusive 

 there is a narrowness that seems characteristic of the race. The posterior view 

 represents the skull elevated in that region without any unnatural width at the 

 sides, and the vertical view sufficiently confirms the latter fact. 



7.3 



inches. 



5.3 



inches. 



4.3 



inches. 



5.3 



inches. 



14. 



inches. 



4.3 



inches. 



15. 



inches. 



19.8 



inches. 



8.2 



inches. 



81.5 



cubic inches 



31.5 



cubic inches 



50. 



cubic inches, 



16.25 cubic inches 



73 degrees. 



MEASUREMENTS. 



Longitudinal diameter. 



Parietal diameter. 



Frontal diameter. 



Vertical diameter, 



Inter-mastoid arch, 



Inter-mastoid line, 



Occipito-frontal arch. 



Horizontal periphery. 



Extreme length of head and face. 



Internal capacity, . 



Capacity of the anterior chamber. 



Capacity of the posterior chamber. 



Capacity of the coronal region, . 



Facial angle, .... 



My friend Dr. Ruschenberger, from whom I received this skull, has pre- 

 served the following memorandum of the circumstances under which it was 

 found. 



" About a mile from the town, (Arica,) on the south side of the morro^ is 

 a cemetery of the ancient Peruvians. There is one path to it over the hill, which 

 is somewhat laborious, and another round the base of Arica Head, which is only 

 practicable when the tide is low. On one side of the hill are found the graves of 

 this injured people, indicated by hillocks of upturned sand, and the numbers of 

 human bones bleaching in the sun, and portions of bodies, as legs and arms, or a 

 hand and foot, scattered over the surface. The surface is covered with sand an 

 inch or two deep, which being removed discovers a stratum of salt, three or four 

 inches in thickness, that spreads all over the hill. Immediately beneath are found 

 the bodies, in graves or holes, not more than three feet in depth. The body [to 

 which this head belonged] was placed in a squatting posture with the knees 

 drawn up, and the hands applied to the sides of the head. The whole was 

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