126 



CRANIA AMERICANA. 



accuracy on the two annexed plates, to which it is only necessary to add the 

 usual 



MEASUREMENTS. 



Longitudinal diameter. 

 Parietal diameter. 

 Frontal diameter, 

 Vertical diameter, 

 Inter-mastoid arch, 

 Inter-mastoid line, 

 Occipito-frontal arch. 

 Horizontal periphery. 

 Internal capacity, . 

 Capacity of the anterior chamber. 

 Capacity of the posterior chamber, 

 Capacity of the coronal region, . 

 Facial angle, .... 

 I am indebted for this skull to my friend Dr. Ruschenberger, who obtained 

 it from Pachacamac, the celebrated Temple of the Sun, near Lima. 



5.8 



inches. 



5.7 



inches. 



4.4 



inches. 



5.1 



inches. 



14.5 



inches. 



4.1 



inches. 



12.7 



inches. 



18.4 



inches. 



71.75 cubic inches. 

 28.75 cubic inches. 

 43. cubic inches. 

 11.4 cubic inches. 

 75 degrees. 



PLATE X. 



PERUVIAN CHILD FROM THE TEMPLE OF THE SUN. 



This head is figured chiefly with a view to show the extraordinary inequality 

 of the skull so common in the Peruvians, and especially in those from Pachacamac, 

 which, with few exceptions, present more or less of this conformation. Dr. Rus- 

 chenberger's remark on the heads observed by him at Santa, that the left side was 

 the most prominent, does not obtain in this instance, and among the many skulls 

 in my possession the deformity of one side is as common as the other. Was this 

 shape the result of accident or design ? If it were intentional we might suppose 

 there would have been some regard paid to symmetry, which was not the case. 

 While, as we have seen, the common people distorted their heads in various ways, 

 there is no evidence that the higher classes ever adopted the custom ; and perhaps 

 the irregularity observed in the skulls of the latter, merely resulted from a total 

 disregard to plebeian usage by strapping the child's head loosely to the cradle- 

 board, so that the occiput assumed any accidental form whatsoever. 



This head was brought from Pachacamac and presented to me by my friend 

 Dr. Ruschenberger. 



