138 CRANIA AMERICANA. 



and their equality is so perfect that they do not even acknowledge the authority 

 of a chief. 



Yet such is the courage, the ferocity, the indomitable spirit of this warlike 

 nation, that De Azara asserts that they have spilt more Spanish blood than ever 

 flowed in all the contests with Montezuma and the Incas,* In fact the Charruas, 

 with their confederate tribes, have been called the " doorkeepers of Paraguay," 

 on account of their pertinacious and successful resistance to the encroachments of 

 the Spaniards. To the last degree cruel, revengeful and exterminating in their 

 wars with the native tribes, and with the Europeans, they present, in strong relief, 

 all the prominent characteristics of the race. 



PLATE XIV. 



CHARRUA OF BRAZIL. 



This skull possesses the characteristics of the American Indian in very strong 

 relief. The points which we have noticed in the Puelche, are exaggerated here, 

 together with a more retreating forehead and more flattened occipital region. 

 This head is preserved, with the two preceding ones, in the Royal Museum in 

 Paris; and the drawing was taken under the same circumstances as those of the 

 Puelche and Aturian, so that I am unable to give any particulars which cannot be 

 derived from the drawing itself. 



THE BOTOCUDOS. 



These people call themselves Engerecmoung; but they are more familiarly 

 known by the names Aymores and Botocudos, the latter being given them by the 

 Portuguese. They inhabit the dense forests of Brazil between the Rio Doce and 

 the Rio Prado, or in other words within the 13th and 19th degrees of south 

 latitude. 



Nature, says the Prince de Wied, has given the Botocudos an admirable 

 exterior conformation, for they are handsomer and better proportioned than the 



* De Azara. Voy. dans PAmer. Merid. T. 2, p. Q—2S. 



