206 CRANIA AMERICANA. 



"The appearance produced by this unnatural operation/' says Mr. Townsend 

 " is almost hideous, and one would suppose that the intellect would be materially 

 affected by it This, however, does not appear to be the case, as I have never 

 seen (with a single exception, the Kayouse) a race of people who appeared more 

 shrewd and intelligent."* 



In the month of January of the present year, (1839,) I was gratified Mith a 

 personal interview with a full-blood Chenouk, then on a visit to this city in the 

 hospitable care of my friend Dr. William Blanding. This Indian was a young 

 man twenty years of age. He had been three years in charge of some Christian 

 missionaries, and in that period had acquired great proficiency in the English 

 language, understanding it when spoken to, and replying with a good accent and 

 general grammatical accuracy. He appeared to me to possess more mental 

 acuteness than any Indian I had seen, was communicative, cheerful and well- 

 mannered. Mr. Townsend knew this young man (who is now called William 

 Brooks) in his own country, and they recognised each other when they met in 

 Philadelphia. He possessed marked Indian features, a broad face, high cheek 

 bones, large mouth, tumid lips, a large nose, depressed at the nostrils, considerable 

 width between the eyes, which, however, were not obliquely placed, a short 

 stature, and robust person. His complexion was neither copper colored nor 

 brown, but reasonably fair, such as are seen in white men who have been exposed 

 in the harvest field. What most delighted me in this young man, was the fact 

 that his head was as much distorted by mechanical compression as any skull of 

 his tribe in my possession, and presented the very counterpart to the Kalapooyah 

 figured on the annexed plate.f He cheerfully consented to such measurements 

 of his head as I desired to take, and of which the following are the results : 



Longitudinal diameter 7.5 inches. 



Parietal diameter 6.9 inches. 



Frontal diameter 6.1 inches. 



Breadth between the cheek bones 6.1 inches. 



Facial angle about 73 degrees. 



At the time of Lewis and Clark's expedition, the Sokulks, at the western 

 base of the Rocky Mountains, also flattened the heads of their children. " Their 

 stature is low, their face broad, and their heads flattened in such a manner that 



* Journey to the Columbia River, &c., p. 175. t See Plate 47. 



