262 



PHRENOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS. 



Being indebted to Mr. Phillips for the mode of obtaining many of these measurements, and for 

 the successful accomplishment of them all, I have obtained from him the following explanatory note: 



"The measurements in the following table, from amativeness to combativeness inclusive, were 

 taken with the craniometer; amativeness benig measured from the point where the external occipital 

 crest intersects the lower semi-lunar line: those from individuality to philoprogenitiveness, to between 

 constructiveness and constructiveness, with the callipers. From causality to causahty, and supra 

 orbitar foramen to causahty, with dividers. The measurements from the meato-temporal line to the 

 arch from caution to caution, with a graduated strap. The height of benevolence, veneration, firm- 

 ness, conscientiousness and hope, above the plane drawn through the centres of ossification of the 

 frontal and parietal bones, was obtained by placing the cranium in the frame, foramen magnum 

 downwards, the centres of ossification being adjusted to the points of the sliders as before: a straight- 

 edge, similar to that used with the float-rod except in having the legs shorter for convenience, was 

 held over the spot to be measured, its legs resting on the mahogany surface; a graduated rod was then 

 held vertically against the side of the straight-edge, with its point resting on the part to be measured, 

 when the height of the organ above the plane was shown on the rod where it appeared above the 

 straight-edge. 



" The other measurements were taken with the craniometer, callipers, dividers, and the measuring 



frame, to the centres of the organs as traced on a cast furnished by Mr. Combe, and figured on Plate 



LXXII. The measurements with the strap were obtained as follows: the meato-temporal line was 



taken from the centre of the meatus auditorius (the end of the strap being held over the meatus, not 



pressed down into it) to the middle of the parieto-sphenoidal suture, where the anterior inferior angle 



of the parietal bone unites with the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. For greater convenience this 



point will be found marked by a cross on the Cotonay head, Plate XL. The inter-sphenoidal arch, 



over reflecting organs, was measured from the above described spot marked with a cross, to the 



corresponding spot on the other side of the cranium, laying the strap over the centres of causality. 



The inter-sphenoidal arch, over the perceptive organs, was taken between the same points of 



measurement as the last, placing the strap over the perceptive organs, and keeping it above the 



superciliary ridge, where this appeared but a mere bony protuberance, as was frequently the case. 



Meatus to caution was taken from the centre of the meatus auditorius to the centre of ossification of 



the parietal bone. The arch from caution to caution, by laying the strap from centre to centre of 



ossification of the parietal bones, over the top of the cranium, and generally a little back of the organ 

 of firmness. 



" That some errors may exist in so numerous a series of measurements is not merely possible but 

 probable ; but the following facts show the reader how much care was taken to avoid them: a 

 series of measurements with the craniometer and compasses, much more extensive than any we had 

 seen published, had been carefully made on upwards of ninety of the crania, when Mr. George Combe 

 arrived in this city. That gentleman immediately pointed out so many erroneous points of measure- 

 ment, (arising from the use of a badly marked bust,) that those tables were condemned, together with 

 the labor bestowed on them. I then proposed the strap measurements, the five last under the bracket, 

 and some others, and the work was commenced anew. Dr. Morton took down all the measurements, 

 the whole of which were made by myself; thus avoiding the inaccuracies which must necessarily 

 have occurred, had several different persons contributed their aid.^' 



