290 CRANIA AMERICANA. 



and he who has Tune most powerful, will associate words most easily with musical 

 notes. 



Hence, also, the influence of association on our judgment is easily accounted 

 for. He in whom Veneration is powerful, and to whom the image of a saint has 

 fron^ infancy been presented as an object to be venerated, experiences an instan- 

 taneous and involuntary emotion of awe and respect every time the image is 

 presented to him ; or a conception of it formed, because it is now a sign which 

 excites in him that feeling, and the latter excludes the reflecting faculties from 

 performing their functions. Hence, nntil we can break this association, and 

 prevent the conception of the image from operating as a sign to excite the faculty 

 of Veneration into activity, we shall never succeed in bringing his understanding 

 to examine into the real attributes of the object itself, and to perceive its want of 

 every quality that ought justly to be venerated. 



Thus, the associations which mislead the judgment and perpetuate prejudices, 

 are associations of words or things with feelings or sentiments^ and not associations 

 merely of ideas with ideas. 



Pleasure and Pain, and also Joy and Grief are affections of the mind arising 

 from the exercise of every faculty. Every faculty, when indulged in its natural 

 action, feels pleasure; when disagreeably affected, feels pain; consequently the 

 kinds of pain and pleasure are as numerous as the faculties. 



Passion is the highest degree of activity of any faculty, and the passions are 

 as different as the faculties: thus, a passion for glory is the result of great energy 

 and activity of the faculty of Love of Approbation; a passion for money, of Acquisi- 

 tiveness; a passion for music, of Tune; a passion for metaphysics, of Causality. 



Sympathy is not a faculty, nor is it synonymous with moral approbation. 

 The same notes sounded by ten instruments of the same kind, harmonise, blend 

 softly together, and form one peal of melody. The cause of this is to be found 

 in the similarity of the constitution and state of the strings. Each faculty of the 

 human mind has a specific constitution; and, in virtue of it, produces specific 

 kinds of feelings, or originates or suggests specific kinds of ideas; and wherever 

 similar faculties are active in different individuals, similar feelings are experienced 

 by each, and similarity of feeling is sympathy. 



Sympathy is not synonymous with moral approbation. We approve of the 

 actions produced by the lower faculties of others, only when these are guided by 

 the faculties proper to man: we never approve of Combativeness, when indulged 

 for the mere pleasure of fighting; but we approve of the action of this faculty 

 when directed by justice and understanding. We approve of the action of the 



