294 



CRANIA AMERICANA. 



Plate 71. Swiss skull, introduced to illustrate Mr. Combe's Phrenological memoir. See page 277. 



Plate 72. Phrenological Chart. Taken from a head furnished to the author by George Combe, 

 Esq. See ^^ppendix, p. 283. 



The wood-cuts of this work were taken from reduced drawings made with my own hands by 

 means of an instrument adapted to the purpose by my friend Mr. Phillips. I had applied to several 

 artists to furnish these drawings, and the camera lucida and graphic mirror were both tried in vain. 

 On being furnished with the annexed drawing apparatus, (which might be called a Craniograph,) I 

 was soon able by practice to make my own draAvings with great celerity and correctness. Some of 

 my earlier essays, however, are among the last in this work, and will be recognised by their want of 

 finish. 



A represents a deal board six feet long and one foot wide; B B two brackets to support two 

 cross pieces one of which is seen at C, having an open space between them about two and a half 

 inches wide, and the centre of the space six inches from the board A; D a piece of board six inches 

 wide dovetailed to the end of the board A, supporting the eye-piece E, the hole at E being six inches 

 from the board A, fifteen inches from the nearest surfaces of the two cross pieces C, and placed per- 

 pendicular to the medial line of the board A; G a board dovetailed into the lower end of A. The 

 cranium was adjusted on the board G, with its centre six inches from the smfaceofA; a piece of 

 glass was then laid over the opening between the cross pieces at C, where it was held down by a 

 screw. By looking down at the cranium F, through the eye-piece E, its outline and markings were seen 

 on the glass at C diminished to one quarter, and were traced out on the glass with a pen and India 

 ink, with great rapidity and accuracy. The drawings thus obtained on the glass, were then traced 

 with a pencil on paper pressed against the glass while held up to the light, after which the drawing 

 was finished with a pen. In the above cut the eye-piece is too high. 



