﻿HUDSON 
  RIVER 
  BEDS 
  NEAR 
  ALBANY 
  553 
  

  

  up 
  the 
  deeper 
  beds 
  in 
  the 
  east, 
  and, 
  therefore, 
  not 
  interfere 
  with 
  

   our 
  conclusion 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  stratigraphic 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  Dicello- 
  

   graptus 
  zone. 
  But 
  slickensides 
  and 
  small 
  faults 
  abound 
  in 
  all 
  

   folded 
  regions, 
  while 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  numerous 
  small 
  folds 
  as 
  

   far 
  west 
  as 
  the 
  Vly 
  and 
  throughout 
  the 
  whole 
  territory, 
  as 
  well 
  

   as 
  the 
  bounding 
  of 
  the 
  area 
  by 
  powerfully 
  folded 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  

   crust 
  in 
  the 
  east 
  (Taconic 
  mountains), 
  in 
  the 
  south 
  by 
  the 
  lime- 
  

   stone 
  belts 
  which 
  traverse 
  the 
  shales 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  southwest 
  by 
  the 
  

   folded 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Helderberg 
  region, 
  makes 
  the 
  explanation 
  of 
  

   the 
  inversion 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  by 
  a 
  system 
  of 
  shearing 
  joints 
  appear 
  

   rather 
  forced 
  and 
  suggests 
  that 
  the 
  inversion 
  is 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  

   overfolding. 
  The 
  writer 
  much 
  prefers 
  the 
  latter 
  view, 
  as 
  it 
  con- 
  

   siders 
  the 
  inverted 
  system 
  of 
  beds 
  as 
  a 
  whole 
  and 
  as 
  not 
  neces- 
  

   sarily 
  involving 
  a 
  great 
  disturbance 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  succession. 
  

   It 
  does 
  away 
  with 
  those 
  elements 
  of 
  uncertainty 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  un- 
  

   broken 
  succession 
  of 
  the 
  four 
  zones 
  which 
  would 
  be 
  involved 
  in 
  

   the 
  assumption 
  of 
  inversion 
  by 
  an 
  overthrust 
  system. 
  Argu- 
  

   ments 
  in 
  support 
  of 
  this 
  view 
  are 
  therefore 
  here 
  presented. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  an 
  established 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  numerous 
  folds 
  of 
  the 
  Ap- 
  

   palachian 
  mountain 
  system 
  have 
  their 
  steepest 
  slopes 
  facing 
  the 
  

   northwest 
  or 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  the 
  continent 
  and 
  are 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  

   overturned 
  in 
  that 
  direction. 
  The 
  ^presence 
  of 
  the 
  Appalachian 
  

   system 
  of 
  folds 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  Hudson 
  valley 
  region 
  was 
  first 
  sug- 
  

   gested 
  by 
  Mather 
  (4) 
  and 
  asserted 
  by 
  Hall 
  (15), 
  who 
  proved 
  the 
  

   existence 
  in 
  the 
  Catskills 
  of 
  four 
  lines 
  of 
  very 
  low 
  anticlinals, 
  

   nearly 
  parallel 
  to 
  each 
  other 
  and 
  running 
  from 
  southwest 
  :to 
  

   northeast 
  in 
  conformity 
  with 
  the 
  ordinary 
  trend 
  of 
  the 
  Appalach- 
  

   ian 
  ranges; 
  the 
  synclinals 
  occupying 
  the 
  summits, 
  the 
  anticlinals 
  

   the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  valleys. 
  This 
  discovery 
  has 
  been 
  verified 
  by 
  

   Arnold 
  Guyot 
  (25). 
  

  

  . 
  Two 
  years 
  later 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  folds 
  of 
  true 
  Appalachian 
  type 
  

   in 
  the 
  region 
  between 
  the 
  Catskill 
  mountains 
  and 
  the 
  Hudson 
  

   river 
  was 
  reported 
  by 
  N. 
  S. 
  Shaler 
  (18). 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  

   river 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  by 
  James 
  D. 
  Dana 
  that 
  the 
  schists 
  of 
  Hudson 
  

   river 
  age 
  dip 
  under 
  the 
  limestone 
  of 
  Trenton-Calciferous 
  age 
  in 
  

   the 
  limestone 
  belts 
  of 
  Dutchess 
  countv 
  and 
  western 
  Connecticut. 
  

  

  