﻿HUDSON 
  RIVER 
  BEDS 
  NEAR 
  ALBANY 
  557 
  

  

  lower 
  Vlaumans 
  kill 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Brothers's 
  quarry 
  at 
  South 
  Troy, 
  

   probably 
  are 
  not 
  merely 
  contortions 
  restricted 
  to 
  weaker 
  strata, 
  

   for 
  the 
  heavy 
  sandstone 
  banks 
  are 
  also 
  involved 
  in 
  the 
  folding, 
  

   but, 
  probably, 
  partake 
  of 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  smaller 
  folds 
  riding 
  on 
  

   the 
  larger 
  ones, 
  a 
  phenomenon 
  observable 
  in 
  many 
  folded 
  regions 
  

   and 
  which, 
  when 
  regularly 
  and 
  strongly 
  developed, 
  has 
  been 
  

   termed 
  an 
  anticlinorium 
  by 
  Dana. 
  Viewed 
  in 
  this 
  light 
  these 
  

   narrow, 
  but 
  steep 
  folds 
  serve 
  as 
  additional 
  evidence 
  of 
  the 
  pres- 
  

   ence 
  of 
  a 
  larger 
  fold 
  of 
  a 
  higher 
  order. 
  1 
  In 
  fact 
  it 
  is 
  necessary 
  to 
  

   assume 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  such 
  riding 
  folds 
  of 
  various 
  sizes 
  to 
  ex- 
  

   plain 
  certain 
  irregularities 
  in 
  the 
  succession 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  within 
  

   the 
  zones 
  in 
  this 
  region. 
  Thus 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  difficult 
  to 
  account 
  in 
  

   any 
  other 
  way 
  for 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  Utica 
  beds 
  on 
  north- 
  

   ern 
  and 
  eastern 
  Green 
  Island, 
  where 
  we 
  should 
  expect 
  the 
  lowest 
  

   Utica 
  beds. 
  Also 
  the 
  apparent 
  intercalation 
  of 
  shales 
  with 
  

   Diplograptus 
  amplexicauli&in 
  lower 
  Dicellograptus 
  

   shales, 
  east 
  of 
  Mt 
  Olympus, 
  may, 
  on 
  farther 
  investigation, 
  find 
  its 
  

   explanation 
  in 
  such 
  minor 
  folds. 
  

  

  The 
  end 
  which 
  the 
  writer 
  has 
  in 
  view 
  in 
  discussing 
  the 
  tectonic 
  

   relations 
  of 
  the 
  investigated 
  area 
  is 
  to 
  demonstrate 
  that 
  the 
  in- 
  

   verted 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  can 
  be 
  brought 
  into 
  harmony 
  with 
  the 
  

   general 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  whole 
  region, 
  and 
  that 
  this 
  inversion, 
  

   therefore, 
  can 
  not 
  in 
  any 
  way 
  be 
  construed 
  as 
  weakening 
  the 
  con- 
  

   clusion 
  drawn 
  from 
  the 
  succession 
  of 
  the 
  zones 
  and 
  the 
  paleon- 
  

   tologic 
  evidence, 
  viz 
  that 
  the 
  Normans 
  kill 
  or 
  Dicellograptus 
  zone 
  

  

  'The 
  possibility 
  that 
  the 
  whole 
  region 
  investigated 
  is 
  built 
  up 
  of 
  nothing 
  

   but 
  closely 
  packed, 
  overturned 
  small 
  folds, 
  such 
  as 
  were 
  found 
  by 
  Shaler 
  

   farther 
  south 
  (18) 
  and 
  are 
  described 
  by 
  Dale 
  (63) 
  from 
  the 
  slate 
  belt, 
  has 
  not 
  

   been 
  discussed 
  by 
  the 
  writer, 
  though 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  such 
  small 
  folds 
  can 
  

   be 
  observed 
  in 
  several 
  localities; 
  for, 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  their 
  small 
  size 
  and 
  evi- 
  

   dent 
  surficial 
  character, 
  they 
  would 
  not 
  be 
  able 
  to 
  produce 
  such 
  long 
  and 
  

   wide 
  belts 
  of 
  rocks, 
  as 
  for 
  instance 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Utica 
  shale. 
  Dale 
  

   <63:199) 
  also 
  reports 
  that 
  in 
  his 
  territory, 
  the 
  northern 
  extension 
  of 
  our 
  

   region, 
  "series 
  of 
  such 
  various 
  folds 
  form 
  compound 
  anticlines, 
  and 
  these 
  

   minor 
  Cambrian 
  anticlinoria 
  alternate 
  with 
  Ordovician 
  synclinoria 
  con- 
  

   formably 
  overlying 
  Cambrian 
  ones. 
  As 
  the 
  Ordovician 
  area 
  consists 
  of 
  

   shales, 
  slates, 
  grits 
  and 
  small 
  quartzite 
  beds, 
  the 
  beds 
  being 
  more 
  hetero- 
  

   geneous, 
  slaty 
  cleavage 
  is 
  less 
  prevalent, 
  but 
  the 
  folds 
  air 
  also 
  overturned 
  

   toward 
  the 
  west". 
  

  

  