1036 SOCIÉTÉ DE BIOLOGIE 



6. Means of Destruction. — To fight against ail thèse différent kinds 

 of Flies and their pathogenic action, ga)'bage and refuse must be taken 

 away every day, refuse buried or burned, latrines and toilets disinfected 

 regulary, etc., by means of protective substances against larv8e (cresyl, 

 heavy oil emulsions, iron sulphate) ; cadavers, especially of large 

 animais, are treated in the same way. 



The biolhermic method (burying of fresh manure in actively fer- 

 mentating) horses manure destroys the eggs and larvœ of the domes- 

 tic fly in its main center of development. This précaution is advisable 

 even before the removal of the manure. 



The adults are destroyed by every possible means (traps, sticky fly 

 paper, formolated milk, nets, cresyl fumigation, specially at the tim& 

 of hibernation.) 



Mosquitoes. — The question of Ihe pathogenic action of Mosquitoes^ 

 so important in the army of the Orient in 1916, has drawn great atten- 

 tion owing to the fact of a number of old cases of malaria at the 

 front, and of the relative ubiquity of thî* Anophèles. This question is 

 also of the greaslest importance at the rear. 



1. PATiior.ENic ACTION OF INDIGENOUS AnoPUELES. — This action is 

 shown by the diverse observations on indigenous paltidism and by Ihe 

 récent experiments of Roubaud on the two tertian types. 



2. Co.\DiTioNS OF TRANSMISSION. — Itt spilc of the frcqucncy and 

 relative ubiquity of Anophèles on the one hand, and on the olher the 

 great abundance of paludism carriers of gerras, the cases of malaria 

 observed are nevertheless very few in number. 



The épidémies mentioned liave remained very limited. There has 

 not been any noticeable increase in paludism in our country since the 

 war. Certain circumstances seem to lirait the extension of the afl'ec- 

 lion. There are reasons for specifying them. 



3. Tqe RELATION OF MAN AND ANOPHELES. — On thcsc ccrtainly must 

 dépend the conditions of the infection. 



Observation of Ihe brothers Sergent : The Anophèles of not endémie 

 area live less in contact with man in houses than thèse which corne 

 from the endémie area (action of the climate," milder température, etc.). 



Opinion of Roubaud-: Transmission of paludism requires lîfe in the 

 open air (life in an area where mosquitoes fly) which occurs rarely, 

 except in camp life, owing to the fact of the war. One must specify 

 under what conditions of life man is bitten by Anophèles in our 

 régions (1). 



(1) See Annales de Vlnstitul Pasteur, number of Septeraber 1918. 



