20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



vidual moths would live a considerable portion of this time, we deemed 

 it worth while to test the effect of a combined spray applied the 

 latter part of June at a time when presumably most of the moths 

 had emerged from their cocoons and before there had been any 

 extensive deposition of eggs and injuring of the fruit by the young 

 larvae. L. F. Strickland, agent of the Department of Farms and 

 Markets, at our suggestion, selected an orchard belonging to R. E. 

 Heard, of Lockport, and sprayed a group of six greening trees June 

 28th with I pint of black leaf forty to 100 gallons of water, to 

 which were added i gallon of a standard lime-sulphur preparation 

 and i^ pounds of powdered arsenate of lead. It was hoped that 

 the black leaf forty would destroy some of the moths sheltering 

 in the trees and the spray was therefore directed so as to drench the 

 limbs and trunk as well as to cover the foliage. The poison would 

 also be fatal to any caterpillars feeding upon the foliage. The 

 application was made* from the ground with a spray gun and 325 

 gallons were used on 200 trees. These latter were greenings about 

 100 years old, with a spread of 40 to 45 feet, a height of 30 feet and 

 over and they were well laden. The top of the tree was first covered 

 with a spray; this was then followed by an underspray designed in 

 particular to saturate the limbs and the rough bark of the larger 

 branches and the trunk. A pressure of 2 2 5 pounds was maintained 

 and the experimental trees were protected by a barrier row of simi- 

 larly treated trees on all sides. The greenings, owing particularly 

 to a scarcity of labor, were rather too thick in the center and as a 

 consequence it was not possible to do entirely satisfactory work from 

 the ground. This was especially the case on branches near the 

 top of the tree and when picking the men occasionally brought in 

 lots showing an unusually high percentage of infestation. The 

 natural difficulties presented by these trees made it difficult to 

 obtain sharply marked results. 



The earlier treatment of the orchard had been as follows. Just 

 after the petals fell there was the usual application of a poison lime- 

 sulphur wash, summer strength, all the trees being treated alike. 

 Examinations by Mr Strickland in various orchards July ist resulted 

 in the conclusion that the maximum oviposition by the codling moth 

 probably had not been reached. No unusual developments were 

 noted in the orchard during the simimer and at picking time, Sep- 

 tember loth and nth, the fruit on four of the experimental trees 

 was carefully canvassed and in addition that on one entire tree 

 (tree X) which received the general treatment described above for 

 the orchard and the apples on one side of another (tree Y) . These 



