g6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Middle or Jatulian < 



'Epijatulian folding 

 Jatulian 



^Subjatulian land surface and denudation 

 "" Serarchean granites 



Lower or Archean -( Archean 



No chronological subdivision. Differ- 

 ences due to varying metamorphism 



Along the more northerly border of Sweden and Norway there 

 is a great development of moderately metamorphosed sediments 

 and of less evident gneisses which have been called the Seve series. 

 Professor Tornebohm has shown that they rest upon the typical 

 Jotnian sandstones and considers them a later formation. Professor 

 Hogbom is inclined to place them in the Jotnian as an upper 

 division. Their great point of interest lies in the fact that they 

 have been thrust-faulted upon the Cambric and Ordovicic fossili- 

 ferous beds and thus appear above strata which are later. They 

 have ridden in from Norway, and when one looks for the parent 

 exposures the latter are now lOO to 150 kilometers distant. The 

 thrusts, therefore, if existent are greater than any yet described 

 elsewhere, (^n the other hand some Swedish geologists oppose the 

 explanation by thrust faults, and insist that there is a regular strati- 

 fied series. They are then confronted with the difficult problem 

 of higher lying and strongly metamorphosed and rather flat strata 

 resting upon others scarcdy if at all metamorphosed and at times 

 richly fossiliferous. 



We visited several crucial localities in Jamtland where we could 

 locate the fault plane within narrow limits although it was not 

 itself visible, but on Mt Luopahta in Lapland we saw it clearly 

 beneath a small waterfall. Black and greatly crushed Lower Paleo- 

 zoic slates supported a heavy stratum of so extremely crushed and 

 disguised a member of the Seve series that an earlier Swedish 

 geologist had given the rock the special name " kakirite," from Lake 

 Kakir in Lapland. In Jamtland the rocks are collectively called 

 *' sparagmite " from the Greek word meaning to crush. 



With the typical or lower Jotnian we have no equivalent in New 

 York. It is a series of sandstones and diabases much like the 

 Torridonian of Scotland and the Keweenawan of the Lake Superior 

 region and Canada. In Sweden it appears in scattered areas much 



