REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR IQIO I23 



similar evidence that large, usually angular, masses were thrown 

 down by seasonal freezing and thawing in the sea cliffs of those old 

 days. 



While these red Bonaventure rocks have undergone but slight 

 deformation, it is their noteworthy down-faulting that has given to 

 Mt Ste. Anne and its outlying cliffs their peculiar impressiveness. 

 Ste. Anne rises, back of the sea cliffs and terrace of Perce, in a 

 vertical east face from which has parted and, as I take it, slid down 

 to lower level, that portion of the original mantle represented now by 

 Bonaventure island and by the Robin reefs which the waters of 

 the " Channel " have not yet washed away. Ste. Anne was once 

 the " Table-a-rolante," and its gently roiling surface slopes down- 

 ward to the north ; but passing this, the observer is abruptly con- 

 fronted by a second majestic fault scarp, the Grande Coupe, over 

 whose smoothed face the water falls in vertical wavering lines to a 

 level as low as the road, thence following to the sea a second fault 

 plane which traverses the older rocks in a line at right angles to 

 the Grande Coupe. This scarp faces north. Again at the back of 

 Ste. Anne facing the south and west is an even more impressive 

 fault cliff', the " Amphitheatre." Cut off thus by three bold fault 

 faces, this mass of Bonaventure conglomerate is peculiarly isolated. 

 The mountains roll up to greater heights westward of these un- 

 dulating surfaces of Ste. Anne, but except for the first range, known 

 as White mountain, their composition is as yet little understood. 

 There is no area of these Bonaventure rocks known to me along 

 the coast from there up the Bay of Chaleur, where this mode of 

 bold faulting has been repeated, nor is there any very satisfactory 

 evidence that the down-breaking of Mt Ste. Anne on at least 

 three sides has involved the lower rocks on which it rests. These 

 lower and older rocks constitute the very heart of appalachian up- 

 folding and made a most irregular and unstable floor for the con- 

 glomerates, which may account for the manner in which the mantle 

 has broken asunder without great distortion. Remnants of the 

 down- thrown blocks still lie on the land ; one constitutes the shore 

 front in a strip reaching from the Robin beach south to Birming- 

 ham's hill ; another lies beyond the vertical limestone of Cape Blanc, 

 where there is a sharp fault against the latter, with evidence that 

 the edges of the conglomerates have been dragged downward ; 

 again, way at the north end of the section at Cannes des Roches, 

 is a tipped block lying at fault with the Siluric, while the very top 

 of Red peak, the highest point overhanging the Malbay, seems to 

 be an outlier of the Bonaventure limestone-conglomerate resting on 



