GEOLOGY OF THE LUZERNE QUADRANGLE 45 



Among the more positive criteria for the recognition of the 

 faults in the quadrangle are the following : ( i ) long, narrow, almost 

 straight valleys which trend at high angles across the strike of the 

 older rock structures such as the foliation and the belts of Gren- 

 ville strata; (2) steep to nearly vertical scarps, often miles long, 

 in hard homogeneous rock; (3) presence of crushed, sheared, 

 slickensided or brecciated rock zones; and (4) Paleozoic strata 

 lying at the base of steep hills of Precambrian rocks. 



Description of the faults. The most important known fault 

 cuts across the northwestern part of the quadrangle at the eastern 

 base of the Baldhead-Moose mountain mass. Existence of this 

 fault is proved by all four of the criteria above listed. The small 

 bodies of Paleozoic strata west and north of High Street have cer- 

 tainly been sharply downfaulted against the Precambrian rocks. 

 Both granite and a nearby diabase dike have been notably fractured 

 and broken to pieces by the faulting 2% miles north of Stony Creek 

 village a little north of where the road crosses a large brook. Two 

 miles northwest of the same village a ledge of granite in the fault 

 zone is notably crushed. The downthrow side is clearly on the 

 east where the general level of the country between Stony Creek 

 and High Street is many hundreds of feet lower than that of the 

 Baldhead and Moose mountains on the west. The Paleozoic strata 

 north of High Street lie fully looo feet below the top of Number 

 Nine mountain. The view that the sharp change in topography 

 marked by the relatively straight line miles long is the result of 

 faulting is further strengthened by the fact that this line cuts the 

 foliation of rather homogeneous granite. All things considered, it 

 seems almost certain that the amount of displacement along the 

 northern two-thirds of the fault as mapped has been at least 1000 

 feet. The position of the southern one-third of the fault as mapped 

 is indicated by a broken line because it can not there be so accur- 

 ately traced. It no doubt continues southwesterly for miles, the 

 valley of the Stony Creek quadrangle in which are located Lens, 

 Livingston and Winona lakes having been determined along the 

 fault zone. Positive evidence for considerable displacement along 

 this part of the fault is, however, lacking. 



Two faults of special interest bound a large earth block below 

 the general level of the country between West (Hadley) mountain 

 and Hadley hill in the west-central part of the quadrangle. These 

 faults are each at least 6 miles long and everywhere from i/4 to 

 nearly 2 miles apart. Topographic evidence for the existence of 

 the western fault is very strong, the upthrow (west) side being 



