68 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I92I 



from one-half to i^ inches, the larger ones usually being oval. 

 The boundary between living and dead tissues is marked by one 

 or more rather distinct cracks, and on cutting away the surface 

 tissues it will be found that fhe underl3dng soft bark has been 

 killed. 



There was also some injury due to the oviposition of the Buffalo 

 tree hopper, Ceresa bubalus Fabr., though there was dis- 

 tinctly less damage and the scars were due solely or almost so to 

 mechanical injury. 



Investigations (N. Y. Agric. Ex. Sta. Tech. Bui. 50, 1916) by 

 W. O. Gloyer and B. B. Fulton demonstrate the connection between 

 tree crickets and this type of injury, and their studies have shown 

 that clean culture and the use of arsenical sprays as for codling 

 moth appear to give satisfactory control. It might be added that 

 the growing of raspberry bushes among apple trees, as practiced 

 by Mr Jones and others, seems to be particularly favorable to the 

 existence of tree crickets and the combination on this account is 

 considered undesirable. 



GRASS AND GRAIN INSECTS 

 Army worm (Heliophila unipuncta Haw.) . The 

 army worm has appeared in a new role for New York State, since 

 partly grown caterpillars about three-fourths of an inch long were 

 found in April 1919 hibernating in corn stalks near Ballston, Sara- 

 toga county, and at Indian Fields, Albany county, April 22, 1920. 

 This is a new record for the State and is of particular interest in 

 view of the statements published by Mr Vickery ^ relative to the 

 tropical or subtropical origin of the species and his belief that it 

 was problematical if it would survive a mild winter so far north on 

 the Atlantic coast as the city of Washington. The winter of 1919 

 was exceptionally mild and this may have been the reason why the 

 larvae survived though it should be remembered that corn fields in 

 New York State have never been examined so carefully as they 

 have since the discovery of the European corn borer at Scotia, 

 N. Y. The winter of 1919-20 was exceptionally cold with a large 

 amount of snow from fall to spring. The latter presumably 

 favored successful hibernation. It is well known that the army 

 worm occurs annually here and there in the State and this, taken 

 in connection with its known survival of the winters of 1918-19 

 and 1919-20 leads us to believe that it may withstand the rigors of 



* 1915, Economic Ent. Jour., 8 :390. 



