1 8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



under the rough bark of trees. The caterpillars transform to brown, 

 apparently lifeless pupae in late April or early May and the moths 

 commence to emerge and continue to appear throughout the greater 

 part of June. Cool evenings, that is, a temperature below 6o° F., 

 may delay egg laying considerably, which appears to be an important 

 factor in the western part of the State. The minute whitish eggs 

 are deposited largely on the leaves though under certain conditions, 

 as shown by our observations of the last two years, they may be more 

 abundant on the young fruit. The eggs hatch in about a week and 

 consequently the young larvae of the first brood may be entering the 

 fruit from early in June, approximately three weeks after the blossoms 

 fall, to the end of the month and even to the latter part of July. 

 Some of these young caterpillars, especially those hatching from 

 late deposited eggs, have the habit of gnawing a small hole in the 

 side of the fruit, excavating a circular gallery with a radius of approxi- 

 mately one-sixteenth of an inch and then deserting this cavity and 

 entering at the blossom end. This is particularly likely to occur in 

 the western part of the State during late June and early July and is 

 very generally known as " side injury " and is the type characterized 

 in our tabulations of last year and the past season as " shallow." 

 The caterpillars require about four weeks to complete their growth, 

 at which time they desert the fruit, wander to a sheltered place, 

 spin a cocoon, transform to pupae and in about two weeks, namely, 

 the last of July or early in August, another brood of moths may 

 appear. These in turn deposit eggs which hatch in due time and 

 the young larvae enter the side of the fruit, especially where two 

 apples touch or a leaf hangs against the apple, as well as at the 

 blossom end. Two broods appear to be the rule in the northern 

 fruit-growing section of the United States, the second being a partial 

 one usually in western New York. Some investigators claim a third 

 brood in the southwest. Most of the partly grown larvae found in 

 winter apples at picking time belong to the second brood, while 

 those fully developed may have come from late-deposited eggs 

 of the first brood, much depending upon the season. 



CODLING MOTH EXPERIMENTAL WORK 



Barker Orchard 



The work in Niagara county was continued in the orchard of 

 Mr George Mead at Barker. The trees were large, thrifty, some 

 27 years old, and mostly Baldwins. 



