210 BOTANICAL GAZETTE {Marcu 
progressed to a marked degree (fig. 7). The mature archicarp, on 
account of its very dense protoplasmic contents and numerous 
nuclei, stains very deeply, and in many cases is practically opaque. 
Not all the individuals stained prove favorable, therefore, for the 
demonstration of protoplasmic continuity. Moreover, on account 
of the winding course of the archicarp, which results in the appear- 
ance of different portions of a single coil in several different sections, 
not all of the pores or pads are visible in the plane of one section. 
When the position of the archicarp is favorable careful staining 
renders the pores very evident (figs. 4, 7). They are slightly 
greater in diameter than a single nucleus. The ascogenous hyphae 
in some cases (figs. 3, 7) arise before all of the pads have dis- 
appeared; in other cases (fig. 4) all of the pores may be formed 
before any indication of the development of ascogenous hyphae is 
given. 
Ascogenous hyphae 
As stated earlier, no definite group of cells in the archicarp gives 
rise to the ascogenous hyphae. Usually 4 or 5 consecutive cells 
lying near the center of the coil function as ascogonial cells. 
These put out a considerable number of ascogenous hyphae, which 
by repeated branching develop a large number of free ends for the 
formation of ascus hooks. The other cells of the archicarp mean- 
time fail to bud, and their nuclei and cytoplasm flow through the 
open connections in the transverse septa into the active ascogonial 
cells and thence into the ascogenous hyphae. All the cells of both 
the apical (exclusive of the trichogyne) and basal regions contribute 
their contents to this general flow, and are finally almost entirely 
emptied. This migration is shown clearly in figs. 5 and 6. Figs. 8, 
9, 10, and 11 represent at a considerably higher magnification sec- 
tions through ascogonial cells at right angles to the long axis of the 
archicarp. In two of these (figs. 10, rr) the ascogenous hyphae 
are shown at their point of origin from the archicarp. The others 
(figs. 8, 9) represent sections through budding cells at points 
between the places where hyphae arise: A pronounced vacuola- 
tion of the cytoplasm of the ascogonial cells occurs at the time of 
the outward flow of nuclei into the ascogenous hyphae. Since the 
vacuolation is more evident in the center of the cell, the nuclei 
