1918] SARGENT—QUERCUS 427 
obovate and 3-lobed at apex, with rounded or acute lobes, the 
terminal lobe being sometimes slightly lobed, and are rounded or 
cuneate at base. On some individuals all the leaves are 3-lobed 
and these may be distinguished as 
QUERCUS RUBRA var. TRILOBA Ashe, Proc. Soc. Am. Foresters 
II:90. 1916.—Q. cuneala Wangenheim, Nordam. Holz. 78. pl. 5. 
fig. 14. 1787; Q. triloba Michx. Hist. Chénes Amér. no. 14. pl. 26. 
1801; Q. rubra Abbott and Smith, Insects of Georgia, 1:99. pl. 50. 
1797 (not Linnaeus); Q. falcata 8 triloba Nutt. Gen. 2:241. 1818. 
—The leaves of this variety vary from 5 to 8 cm. in length and from 
4 to 9 cm. in width, and are glabrous on the upper surface and 
grayish or yellowish pubescent on the lower surface. So far as I 
have observed, this variety of the southern red oak does not grow 
to a large size, and trees more than ro-15 m. tall are not common. 
It is nowhere abundant, and the only specimens from the northern states 
which I have seen were collected by J. K. Small in the vicinity of Pleasant 
Grove, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in June 1881, and by Charles C. Deam 
in Jefferson County, Indiana (nos. 16, 253, 18775). On dry uplands near 
Milledgeville in central Georgia it is the common form of red oak. I have 
not seen specimens from Louisiana, and only one specimen collected by E£. J. 
Palmer (no. 12765) near Houston, Harris Crain. Texas, from any part of the 
region west of the Mississippi River. 
A form of the southern red oak with oval or oblong leaves deeply 
divided into 5-11 acuminate often falcate lobes and white-tomentose 
below may best be considered, as Exxiort who first noticed this tree 
considered it, a variety which now becomes 
QUERCUS RUBRA var. PAGODAEFOLIA Ashe, Proc. Soc. 
Foresters 11:90. 1916.—Q. falcata var. 8 pagodaefolia Elliott, aE 
2:605. 1824; Q. pagoda Rafinesque, Alsograph. Am. 23. 1838; 
Q). pagodaefolia Ashe, Bor. Gaz. 24:275. 1897; Sargent, Man. 244. 
Sig. 197. 1903. 
At one time I believed that this oak might be distinguished specifically 
from Q. rubra, basing my opinion on the paler bark of the trunk, on the shape of 
the leaves with more numerous and more acuminate lobes, often repand-dentate 
at the apex, on the whiter pubescence on their lower surface, and on the fact 
that this tree often grows in lower situations and in moister soil than those which 
Q. rubra selects; but further field observations show that these characters 
cannot be depended upon. Trees of the two forms grow in low ground and on 
