428 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [May 
uplands. Pale bark occasionally occurs on trees of the typical form and dark 
bark on trees with the leaves of var. pagodaefolia, and leaves typical of the 
two forms are often found on the same tree. 
An oak which has long puzzled the students of our southern 
trees who have tried to refer it as an extreme form to Q. rubra var. 
pagodaefolia has recently been distinguished by ASHE as 
QUERCUS RUBRA var. LEUCOPHYLLA Ashe, Bull. Charleston Mus. 
13:25. 1917.—Differing from the type in the shape of the leaves, on 
upper branches nearly as broad as long, deeply divided into 5-7 
broad lobes and brownish pubescent below, on lower branches 
slightly obovate, less deeply divided and only slightly pubescent 
on the lower surface. 
The fact that the leaves on the upper and lower parts of the tree are 
different, as ASHE points out, has added to the difficulties of understanding 
this tree. The leaves on upper branches are deeply 5—7-lobed, being broader at 
the apex than those of var. pagodaefolia; they are rounded at base, thick, 
glabrous on the upper surface and more or less thickly coated below with brown- 
ish pubescence, and are usually to-15 cm. long and g-15 cm. wide. The leaves 
on lower branches are slightly obovate, rounded or cuneate at base, and usually 
7-lobed; the terminal lobe is acute or rounded and often slightly 3-lobed toward 
the pex; the lateral lobes of the upper pair are much larger than the others 
and often slightly lobed at the broad apex; those of the lower pairs are 
nearly triangular and acute. These leaves are thin, dark green, sometimes 
pubescent, becoming glabrous on the upper surface, sometimes thickly covered 
with pale or brown pubescence on the lower surface, and are often 12-25 cm. 
long and 10-20 cm. wide. Occasionally trees occur on which the leaves are 
obovate, gradually narrowed from below the middle into a long cuneate base, 
and only slightly lobed toward the apex with entire acuminate lobes. HARBI- 
son has observed that the hilum of the nut of this variety is pink and that the 
hilum of other forms of Q. rubra is always yellow. 
This form of red oak is a large tree, 30-40 m. high, and is found from the 
coast of Virginia to northern Florida, and through the Gulf states to eastern 
Texas, ranging northward to northern Arkansas, where it appears in a form 
in which the lobes of the leaves are rather narrower than those on trees farther 
south, thus approaching var. pagodaefolia. This form of the southern red oak 
is common in the low woods about River Junction, Florida, where it grows to @ 
very large size, and in central Mississippi. Often the leaves on the lower 
branches cannot be distinguished by their shape and pubescence from those of 
Q. velutina, and specimens have been referred to that species. 
QUERCUS NIGRA L.—In the shape of the leaves the water oak 
is one of the most variable of the oaks of the United States. In 
