1918] MACCAUGHEY—HAWAIIAN ALGAE 55 
Gloeocapsa thermalis, Haematococcus thermalis, Microcoleus palu- 
dosus, Plectonema nostocarum, Schizothrix havaiensis, Scytonema 
azureum. 
Summit bogs 
A type of habitat differing markedly from those that have been 
described are the five bogs which occur on the summits of Wai- 
ale-ale, Kauai, Ka-ala on Oahu, East Molokai, West Maui, and the 
Kohala Mountains of Hawaii.’ These bogs lie at an elevation of 
4000-6000 ft., in a zone of almost continuous cloud and rain. The 
annual precipitation in these regions amounts to several hundred 
inches, perhaps as high as 500. The soil is perpetually saturated, 
and is covered with a blanket of alpine sedges, rushes, grasses, 
mosses, and liverworts. In this substratum, and in the relatively 
small and infrequent pools that occur here and there on the surface 
of the bog, there is a considerable variety of algae. It is to be 
regretted that the alga flora of the summit bogs has not received 
careful investigation. The higher plants that inhabit these regions 
are mostly endemic species and varieties, and it is probable that a 
Proportion of the algae would also prove to be endemics. The 
blue-greens are the dominant group. 
Brackish waters 
At various places along the coasts, but particularly where the 
larger streams empty into the sea, are areas of brackish water. 
These may be either the actual mouth of the stream itself, lagoons, 
orswamp lands. In any case, these waters are inhabited by species 
which differ both from the strictly fresh water forms on the one 
hand and the marine species on the other. Many of the brackish 
water forms are used by the Hawaiians as food. Typical forms of 
these waters are Enteromor pha spp., Oedogonium obsoletum, Chaeto- 
morpha pacifica, Cladaphora spp., Nitella havaiensis, etc. 
Halophytes 
LEMMERMANN lists a few halophytes from the “Salt Lake” 
Crater of Moana-lua,’ and from the Laysan lagoon, which is about 
”MacCaucuey, VAUGHAN, Vegetation of the Hawaiian summit bogs. Amer. 
Bot. 22:45-52. 1916 : 
: This is no longer highly saline, as an artesian well has been bored in its bottom, 
and the lake converted into a fish pond. 
