56 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JANUARY 
three times as salty as sea water. The species are Amphora ovalis 
var. pediculis, Lyngbya mucicola, Nitzschia angularis, and Cole- 
osphaeropsis halophila. The Laysan lagoon is the only known 
place in the archipelago possessing water of greater salinity than 
that of the sea, although of course the evanescent tidal pools 
attain a high degree of salinity in their later stages. 
Fish ponds 
Many of the free floating and filamentous algae are very abun- 
dant in the “loko” or fish ponds. ‘These are shallow waters along 
the coasts that have been cut off from the open sea by means of 
heavy stone walls. The wall usually extends out from the land in 
the form of a crescent, pierced here and there by grated openings 
or gates, which permit the passage of the tides and very small fish, 
but which effectually retain the larger fish. The water within the 
pond is not disturbed by the surf, and the life conditions are more 
tranquil than those of the lagoon or sea. In ancient times some of 
the loko were utilized by the Hawaiians for a crude kind of limu 
culture. Enteromorpha and other coarse filamentous forms often 
form extensive floating mats on the waters of the loko. These 
ponds are most numerous on the islands of Oahu and Molokai, and 
have a combined area of many hundreds of acres. 
Phytoplankton 
The author has made no studies of the Hawaiian phytoplankton 
and so can only summarize here the extensive studies of SCHAUINS- 
LAND and LEMMERMANN. The totals given by the latter authority 
are as follows: 
In Pearl Harbor |between HawaiiOpen Roadstead 
and Laysan at Laysan 
nkOodd 
