346 B0r.4AVC.-li GAZETTE [may 



this forest includes Asimina parvijiora Dunal, Hamamelis virgin- 

 tana L., Evonymus americanus L., Stewartia Malachodendron L., 

 A r alia spinosa L., Symplocos tinctoria L'Her., Osmanthus ameri- 

 canus Br., Viburnum rufidulum Raf., and V. nudum L., an assem- 

 blage of northern and southern species all about equally indicative 

 of similarly mesophytic habitats; while perhaps the most significant 

 thing is the occurrence of young beeches and magnolias, empha- 

 sizing the climax conditions. 



The undergrowth and herbage are apparently related to the 

 prevalence of the magnolias and other heavily foliaged trees. If 

 these are dominant, the ground is freer of growth and covered with 

 the heavy and slowly decaying leaves. Mitchella re pens L. is a com- 

 mon floor covering. Root parasites are Conopholis americana Wallr. 

 and Epifagus virginiana Bart.; while Monotropa uniflora L. and 

 M . Hypopitys L. occur in abundance in the damp, shaded soil. 



To summarize, the forest succession on clay soil of the upland, 

 as shown in phases of reforestation on limited areas but in all stages, 

 we see (i) pines, (2) oak-hickory forest, (3) deciduous broad-leaved 

 evergreen forest. In the pine forest, P. echinata Mill, is the domi- 

 nant species; in the oak-hickory forest, Q. falcata Michx. and Q- 

 stellata Wang, with C. alba K. Koch; in the climax forest, Magnolia 

 grandiflora L., Fagus grandifolia caroliniana Fernald and Rehder, 

 and a variety of associates. 



, 



Sandy soils 



In comparison with the uplands of the northern part of the 

 county, those of the south seem like lowlands. Since their geo- 

 logical history has not been the same and the resultant topography 

 is not so distinct, the vegetational aspect also is different. The two 

 regions seem to exemplify two stages in the coastal plain develop- 

 ment, the older and the younger. The southern or younger part 

 typifies the marginal portion of the coast, of comparatively recent 

 emergence, and belonging quite entirely to pre-erosion topography, 

 being level, of low elevation, and covered with loose sandy deposits. 

 Almost the whole surface, therefore, may be considered as upland. 



The base leveling of this region, supposing no future oscillatory 

 changes of importance, may require a prolonged period, the ero- 



