*9 J 7l 



GANO— ECOLOGY OF FLORIDA 



355 



T. distichum imbricarium Sarg.) when present are the chief tree 

 pioneers in the ponds, advancing farthest into the deeper water, 

 reaching from the zone of high water, perhaps, to the extreme limit 

 of the occasional low water, into the zone of water lilies and sub- 

 merged aquatics (fig. 4), Cephalanthus occidentalis L. is a close 

 companion of the cypresses and advances into the standing water 





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Fig. 4. — Cypresses advancing into deeper water 



as a shrub pioneer. The hydrophytic species of Nyssa (2V. aquatica 

 L., N. sylvatica biflora Sarg., and the less frequent or local N. 

 Ogecliee Marsh.), germinating and growing in shallow water, may 

 accompany the cypresses or may spread over the shallow ponds to 

 form the so-called "gum swamps" (fig. 5). 



Approaching the shores or in the shallow water of the margins, 

 these trees are joined or surrounded by a zone of marginal shrubs 

 and small trees. Among those which commonly grow in this zone 

 are Salix longipes Anders., Magnolia virginiana L., Per sea pubescens 



