

358 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [may 



composition of the shrubbery about the mar 



ing climax 



much 



from the ponds as described. The aquatics in moving water are 

 not so numerous, but the shore growth is more varied, and may 

 grade, with the drainage, into bordering strips of meadow on low- 

 land hammock by which the streamways are conspicuously marked 

 from the adjoining pine forests. 



Waters flowing from limestone springs and which are clear and 

 more calcareous have a somewhat different vegetation from that 

 of the acid, brown waters of the other streams- Liquidambar 

 Styraciflua L. is a tree of the sometimes inundated margins, and 

 Ulmns americana L., Fraxinus caroliniana Mill., F. profunda Bush, 

 Quercus nigra L., Salix longipes Britton, Acer rubrum L., Ilex 

 Cassine L., C omits stricta Lam., and Cephalanthus Occident alls L. 

 are common. Canes (Arundinaria tecta Muhl.), reeds (Phragmites 

 communis Trin.), and saw grass (Cladium jamaicense Crantz), 

 with bulrushes (Scirpus spp.) are marginal marsh plants.. 



Flowing waters. 



p 



ampy borders of varying 

 the almost invariable ace 



pre-erosion branches, creeks, and rivers, the width of the overflow 

 area depending upon the topography and upon the consequent 

 drainage basin, and upon the volume of the stream. By the 

 accumulation of humus and as improved drainage is secured, these 

 meadow areas in many cases tend to extend outward or upward 

 and often come to occupy wider spaces than would be explained 

 solely by the fluctuations of the stream. From the adjoining vegeta- 

 tion they are marked off by species ranging from hydrophytic to 

 extremely mesophytic. The swampy character extends as far as 

 the soil continues saturated, and in this zone there occur trees of 

 the pond margins, such as cypresses, gums, willows, birches, ashes, 

 water hickory, and water elm (Planer a aquatica J. F. Gmel.). 



On slightly rising ground, but still within range of the high 

 water, there occur pines (P. caribaea Morelet, P. serotina Michx., 

 P. palustris Mill., and P. glabra Walt.), with a variety of oaks, such 







