1917] 



GANO— ECOLOGY OF FLORIDA 



361 



f 



grapes, hollies, hypericums, hawthorns, and ericads, and such trees 

 as cypresses, gums, and slash and swamp pines. 



There is little suggestion of any definite succession in the com- 

 position of the bay or similar swamp. However, Magnolia vir- 

 giniana L., Per sea pubescens Sarg., and Ilex Cassine myrtifolia 

 Sarg. seem to advance into the more hydrophytic portions and 

 appear near the center of the swamp surrounded or followed by 

 the grapes, ericads, and myricas; 

 while Ilex glabra Gray, /. hicida 

 T. and G., and Serenoa serridata 

 Hook., with Hypericum spp. grow 

 beyond the standing water. Fre- 

 quently Ilex Cassine myrtifolia 

 Sarg. is so abundant as to make a 

 fairly impenetrable thicket. 



An undrained pond may de- 

 velop into a cypress swamp, the 



cypresses growing as 



closely 



as 



Fig. 8. — Cypresses advancing into 

 waters of an undrained pond, grad- 

 ually forming a cypress swamp. 



their swollen bases and groups of 

 projecting knees permit (fig. 8). 

 Around the margin of such a 

 swamp there may be a mingling of oaks, gums, and pines, but more 

 frequently there is a sharp transition to the forest of the upland 

 adjacent, and the edge of the swamp is abruptly marked by the 

 ranks of flat-topped cypresses. When the gums mingle with the 

 cypresses or are the most abundant or only trees, a gum swamp 

 develops, these trees also having swollen or bulging bases. 77/- 

 landsia usneoides L. gives a characteristic touch to their appear- 

 ance, especially in winter when the trees are leafless. 



The herbs of such swamps are mainly those of pond margin- 

 and of the flatwoods, as Panicum hemitomum Schutts, P. condensum 



N*ash, Aristida spiciformis Ell., Ekockoris spp., Fmrma squarrasa 



Michx., Rhynchospara spp., Eriocaulon spp., May oca Aubleti 

 Michx., Burmannia bijlora L., Polygala cymosa Walt., P. ramosa 

 Ell., Hypericum petiolatum Walt., H. virginicum L., Ludvigia alterni- 



folia L., L. glandidosa Walt., Gerardia 

 amoena Michx., and L. glandidosa Walt. 



Nutt., Lobelia 



