Igo BOTANICAL GAZETTE [SEPTEMBER 
The embryos were removed from the ovules in the living con- 
dition by dissection under water, and these embryos with their 
suspensor systems were stained and mounted as permanent prepara- 
tions. Studies were also made from serial sections cut in paraffin, 
but most of the drawings accompanying this paper were made from 
the dissected preparations mounted in Venetian turpentine. The 
latter were found to be superior to anything else for a study of the 
coiled suspensors and the further development of the rosette. 
Fic. 1.—Illustrating methods of holding and dissecting pine ovules 
DissEcTIoN.—The dissection must be done with living material 
under a dissection microscope, or preferably under a binocular 
microscope with magnification of about 20. The gametophytes are 
removed from the testa and placed in water in a watchglass. 
A very useful tool for the dissection, which must be executed under 
water, is a needle whose point has been flattened and ground to 
form 2 cutting edges, as shown in B, text fig. 1. The naked 
gametophytes, after being removed from the ovule, are held with 
forceps in the position shown in text fig. 1, A. Frequently the 
nucellus may be found, resembling a thin cap over the end of the 
gametophyte, and must first be removed, and sometimes the game- 
tophyte may still be surrounded by the thin inner testa. The 
