1918] BUCHHOLZ—PINUS 211 
ABNORMALITIES 
Among the seeds of P. Banksiana one was found in a germi- 
nated lot which had developed in the reversed position. The coty- 
ledons and hypocotyl were protruding about 15 mm. from the 
. micropylar end of the seed, while the root tip was imbedded in 
the endosperm. It died without developing much beyond this 
stage. Some of the aborted embryos of the pine seed are fre- 
quently reversed, and Lanp (20) described a young embryo of 
Thuja which was directed toward the micropyle. Embryos ma- 
tured in this position are very rare; this case which was germi- 
nated was the one case of the kind found in connection with this 
investigation. 
Among the many hundreds of ovules from which the testa was 
removed preparatory to dissection or imbedding, many cases (at 
least 15) were found with 2 gametophytes in the same ovule. 
They occurred in two ways, end to end and side by side. The 
end to end gametophytes often joined obliquely, and each game- 
tophyte is necessarily formed by the functioning of 2 megapsores. 
Whether these gametophytes belonged to the same tetrad row or to 
different tetrads is a matter of conjecture, but one would think that 
the side by side and obliquely joined prothallia have more probably 
developed from megaspores of different tetrads. P. Banksiana, 
which was most largely dissected, yielded the most of these double 
gametophytes. Several were also found of P. echinata and two of 
P. Laricio. It is not surprising that a very primitive conifer like 
Pinus should occasionally show this feature. 
A few ovules were found in which the terminal embryo aborted 
and the second one dominated over the others, which is very 
unusual. Two seeds were found which contained 2 embryos, but 
in each case the embryo pair was quite unequally developed. 
One sectioned ovule of P. Banksiana was found in which the 
customary splitting of the embryo complex did not take place as 
completely as usual. By a careful study of the series it is clear 
that each of the 4 embryos is pursuing its own independent develop- 
ment and has its own apical cell. One of the 4 embryos is clearly 
the largest and will no doubt dominate over the others quite as 
well as if they were more completely separated. 
